Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - A positive family history confers a twofold to fourfold increased risk for type 2 diabetes.
      - 15% to 25% of first degree relatives of persons with type 2 diabetes develop impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes.
  - - - Insulin resistance
        
        The failure of target tissues to respond to insulin. This predates the development of hyperglycemia.
        
        Decreased uptake of glucose in skeletal muscles.
        
        In the liver, insulin resistance leads to impaired suppression of glucose production with an overproduction of glucose (despite a fasting hyperinsulinemia).
        
        Usually accompanied by compensatory beta cell hyperfunction and hyperinsulinemia in the early stages of type 2 diabetes.
      - Increased glucose production by the liver
      - Impaired secretion of insulin by the pancreatic beta cells.
        
        Increased apoptosis or decreased regeneration of beta cells.
        
        Beta cell exhaustion due to long-standing insulin resistance.
        
        Initial decrease in beta cell mass related to genetic or epigenetic factors.
- - - - Plasma glucose levels after food has been withheld for at least 8 hours. FPG below 100 is normal.
    - - Done without regard to the time of the last meal.
    - - Measures the body's ability to store glucose.
    - - Glycosylated hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1c, and A1c are terms used to describe hemoglobin into which glucose has been incorporated.
  - - - Polyphagia is usually not present in patients with Type 2 diabetes, though it can be.
    - - Blurred vision, fatigue, paresthesias, and skin infections occur.
        
        Chronic skin infections can occur and are more common in people with type 2 diabetes.