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LOFTUS AND PALMER - Coggle Diagram
LOFTUS AND PALMER
Aimed to conduct an experiment to investigate effect of leading questions on accuracy of eyewitness testimony.
EXPERIMENT ONE
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PROCEDURE
Shown 7 films of traffic accidents and asked to describe what happened as if they were eyewitnesses. The researchers asked with different wording such as "About how fast were the cars going when they smashed / collided / bumped / hit /contacted each other
EXPERIMENT TWO
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PROCEDURE
All students shown a film and asked again how fast they were when they hit/smashed eachother and group 3 were asked about the speed of the car. Group 3 were the control group.
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RESEARCH METHOD
Standardised, highly controlled, control group used
Chance of demand characteristics, and very artificial study as they were watching a video
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RELIABILITY
High controlled and less chance of extraneous variables meaning the study would be easy to replicate, making it more reliable
VALIDITY
Extraneous variables could've affected the study if participants could drive/ had experienced an accident
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SAMPLING BIAS
Due to the study consisting of only American students, it can’t be generalised to other populations, for example more experienced drivers who are more accurate in their judgement of speeds.
ETHOCENTRISM
Is ethnocentric as in Western culture and cannot assume other cultures would produce same results - also individualistic as done in Western culture
ETHICS
Deception because didn't know what the study was on, issue of protection as could've been traumatised by watching car crashes, informed consent - participants who have experienced a car crash may have felt obliged to participate even if they didnt feel comfortable