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Mania - Coggle Diagram
Mania
Pathophysiology
Manic: several days of being abnormally happy, too energetic, too talkative, very irritable, not sleeping, reckless behavior
Neglecting: usual responsibilities related work, school, domestic or social activities.
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Abnormal or disorganized behavior ; incoherent or irrelevant speech, unusual appearance,self-neglect, unkempt appearance.
Medication
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Lithium (Eskalith, Eskalith CR, Lithobid)
Behavioral Interventions
Be consistent in approach and expectations.: Consistent limits and expectations minimize potential for patient’s manipulation of staff.
Provide frequent high calorie fluids:
Serious nutritional deficiencies and dehydration are addressed.
Use short and concise explanations or statements.: Short attention span limits comprehension to small bits of information.
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Use firm and calm approach: Structure and control are provided for a patient who is out of control. Believing that someone is in control may improve feelings of security.
Observe for signs of lithium toxicity: There is a small margin of safety between therapeutic and toxic doses.
Nursing Interventions
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Provide nursing measures at bedtime that promote sleep: warm milk, soft music.
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Offer high-calorie, high-protein drink (8 oz) every hour in quiet area.
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Patient Education
The use of alcohol, drugs of abuse, caffeine (particularly in energy drinks), and over-the-counter medications can cause a relapse.
The phone numbers of emergency contact people, which should be kept in an easily accessed place.
Good sleep hygiene is critical to stability. Frequently, the early symptom of a manic episode is lack of sleep. In some cases, mania may be averted by the use of sleep medications.
expected side effects and toxic effects of the prescribed medication, as well as whom to call and where to go in case of an adverse reaction
Coping strategies are important for dealing with work, interpersonal, and family problems for lowering stress; for enhancing a sense of personal control; and for increasing community functioning.
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