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Biodiversity - Coggle Diagram

- - - - size limited by diffusion
        
        rate of diffusion is dependent on surface area #
        
        movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration
        
        constraints imposed by diffusion can be circumvented by using bulk flow instead
      - horizontal gene transfer #
      - can be phototrophs, chemotrophs, autotrophs, or heterotrophs
    - - three major groups
        
        Euryarcheota
        
        TACK
        
        DPANN
      - DNA occurs in circular form like bacteria #
      - membranes made by lipids
      - .
  - - - simple multicellularity: the adhesion of cells although there is little cell differentiation
      - complex multicellularity: requires cell adhesion, cell signaling, and differentiation and specialization among cells
      - all organisms need an energy source as well as a carbon source #
- - - - monophyletic: group including all the descendents of a common ancestor
      - paraphyletic: group including some of the descendants of a common ancestor
      - polyphyletic: group including organisms from distinct groups based on shared, convergent characters, and does not include a common ancestor
    - - similarities based on ancestry
      - can be ancestral, unique to a particular group, or present in some, but not all, of the descendants of a common ancestor
      - Only shared characters are useful in constructing trees
  - - - similarities between chloroplasts and cyanobaceria
    - - arose several time in evolution
      - plants and animals evolved complex multicellularity independently of each other
- - - - vicariance
  - - - the more closely related - and therefore genetically similar - the less genetically incompatibility between genomes
- - - - Good for absorbing nutrients
      - bad bc needs more nutrients, loses heat and water quickly