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Parkinson's Disease, Cause, Divide into:, Potential examples:, Which…
Parkinson's Disease
SYMPTOMS
Motor
Gait Disturbances
Shuffling Gait
Decreased Arm Swing
Causes
Frequent Falls
Tremors
Action Tremors
Postural Tremors
Resting Tremors
Bradykinesia
Decreased Fine Finger Movements
Difficulty turning over in bed
Causes
Hypophonia
Muscular Rigidity
Decreased Facial Expression
Non-Motor
Sleep Disorders
Restless Leg and Periodic Limb Movements
REM Sleep Disorder
Autonomic dysfunction
Urinary Frequency
Urinary Urgency
Neuropsychiatric
Anxiety
Lewy Body Dementia
Depression
Gastrointestinal
Constipation
Fatigue
PATHOLOGY
Genetic Mutation (15%)
Main Types of Inheritance
Autosomal Recessive
Autosomal Dominant
Variable Penetrance
100%
LRRK2 Gene Mutation
LRRK2 Protein Kinase
Alpha-synuclein induced toxicity
Chromosome 12
Types of Point Mutations
Silent Mutation
Nonsense Mutation
Missense Mutation
G2019S
Neurological
Treatments
Drug treatments
Dopaminergic Drugs
MAO-B inhibitors.
That include:
COMT inhibitors
Antiviral drugs
L-DOPA
Non Dopaminergic Drugs
Anticholinergic drugs
Serotonin receptor drugs
Muscarinic repector drugs
Surgical treatment
Lesions
Deep Brain stimulation
Thalamus and globus pallidus interna
Growth factor supplementation
BDNF and GDNF
Gene therapy
G2019S LRRK2 inhibitor
CRISP-Cas9
Complementary and suppportive therapies
Exercise and Diet
RISK FACTORS
Gender
Male
More suceptible to PD
Female
Less common in women
Estrogen protection
Age
≥ 60
Ethnicity
Genetic mutations
Heredity
Molecular factors
Head trauma
Enrironmental factors
Cause
Idiopathic (85%)
Divide into:
Potential examples:
Which includes:
Some examples are::
In the area of:
Such as:
Typical Manifestations
causes
more prominent in the upper extremities
May develop
Divide into: