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Structure of the sea, The edge of the ocean, The Ocean Basin, , Picture 1 …
Structure of the sea
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Written work
Q1:Explain the difference between continental shelf and slope.
Q2:Explain how continental slope changes the formation of continent
Volcanic Activities
Volcanic eruptions in shallow water can throw underwater material into the air. The Hawaiian islands were formed due to such volcanic eruptions.
One of the latest examples of underwater volcanic eruptions is Surtsey island, south Iceland. The earth surface under the sea was literally lifted up during the eruption, and this resulted in the formation of the Surtsey Island!
Tremendous heat of magma, the liquid or molten rock, often creates a crack in the surface of the earth, and leads to volcanic eruption.
Water exerts higher (about 250 times more pressure) pressure on the surface of the earth than air. This higher pressure can lead to an underwater explosion.
Magma is present in the mantle, the layer below the earth’s crust. When a crack relieves the pressure, the magma rises upward along with gases. This is known as the eruption of an underwater volcano.
Underwater magma cools and solidifies much more quickly due to presence of water. It often gets converted into volcanic glass.
When the magma reaches the surface of the earth, it is known as lava. It cools and settles down in a pile-like structure or tall structures of various shapes. This is how underwater ridges are formed.
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The ocean floor covers more than 70 percent of the planet’s surface. Like dry land, the ocean floor has various features including flat plains, sharp mountains, and rugged canyons. However, the lowest point in the world ocean is much deeper than the highest point on land. The ocean floor is continually being formed and destroyed. To understand the ocean floor and its diverse features, it is important to learn about the formation of the earth and its geological history.
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The edge of the ocean
Continental shelf.
The continental shelf is the edge of the continent that is covered by ocean water, so you have to go beyond the continental shelf to leave. How far the continental shelf extends into the water depends on the location. The average width is 40 miles, but in some parts of California, the continental shelf is short and extends only about a half mile into the water. In other places, like the coast of Siberia, the shelf stretches about 800 miles out from the shoreline. the continent.
Continental rise.
The continental rise is an underwater feature found between the continental slope and the abyssal plain. This feature can be found all around the world, and it represents the final stage in the boundary between continents and the deepest part of the ocean.It is much steeper than shelf and can drop down more than3 kilometerswith widths ranging from 20 to 100 kilometers.
continental slope
The sloping region between the continental shelf and the continental rise. The continental slope is typically about 12.5 miles (20 kilometers) wide, consists of muds and silts, and is often crosscut by submarine canyons.It is steeper than the shelf.It is at the end of the slop,consists of sediments that builds up from the continental shelf and slops.These thick sediments deposits extended up to about 1000 kilometres from the end of the slop.
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The Ocean Basin
Mid Ocean Ridges
Mid-ocean ridges cause oceans to get divided. The earth’s heat emission is a continuous process. Hence, the alteration and creation of these mid-ocean ridges is a continuous process. Thus, we can define mid-ocean ridges as an underwater mountain system which is form by plate tectonics. The mid-ocean ridges of the world are connected and form a single global mid-oceanic ridge system that is part of every ocean. The mid-oceanic ridge system is the longest mountain range in the world. The continuous mountain range is 65,000 km (40,400 mi) long.
Abyssal plans
Abyssal plains are large, flat areas, usually between the continental rise and the mid-ocean ridges or ocean trenches below the ocean surface. Abyssal plains are quite deep under the surface and are covered in sediments.It can be from 2000-6000 meters below the sea level.Mostly they are flat.
Trench
Ocean trenches may be defined as narrow V-shaped depressions stretched over long distances at the active areas of the ocean basins. They are also sometimes called submarine valleys. They are very similar to the deep ravines found on the surface of the Earth.
Volcanic Activities
There are many types of volcanoes; one of the most notable features is submarine volcanoes or under the ocean volcanoes. Interestingly, 80% of the Earth’s volcanic activities can be found under the ocean and the total number of these under ocean volcanoes is approximately 1 million.
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