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BIO - Coggle Diagram
BIO
Eukaryotic Diversity
plants
animals
fungi
protists
superkingdoms
Opisthokonts (most diverse)
Amoebozoans
Archaeplastids
Stramenopiles
Alveolates
Rhizarians
Excavates
Prokaryotic cells
Bacteria
diffusion (why bacterial cells tend to be small)
horizontal gene transfer (promotes genetic diversity)
conjugation
transformation
transduction
Archaea
anoxygenic photosynthesis
anaerobic repsiration
chemoautotrophy
fermentation
stromatolites
oxygenic photosynthesis
aerobic respiration
Eukaryotic life cycles
meiotic cell division
haploid cells
diploid cells
zygote
symbiosis
endosymbiosis
eukaryotic tree of life
simple multicellularity
complex multicellular organisms (evolved from simple)
bulk flow
vascular plants
major organs
lycophytes
ferns and horsetails
gymnosperms
angiosperm
self-compatible
vascular tissue
xylem
tracheas
multicellular vessels
phloem
specialized cells
plants
phloem structure
carbohydrates
nutrients
microbes
animals
reproduction
fertilization
external
internal
dispersal
gametophytes
sporophytes
r-strategists
k-strategists
diffusion
Biodiversity
invasive species can cause negative consequences for native species
humans alter landscapes through habitat destruction
Evolution
mutations (not a big deal in evolution)
advantageous
neutral (we see mainly neutral mutations)
deleterious
genetic variation (mutations are the ultimate source of new variation)
allele frequency
bottleneck effect (example of genetic drift); reduction in population size due to disturbance; who survives is random; changes in allele frequency
founder event (example of genetic drift); individuals from a large population colonize new areas; time and space
homozygous recessive (q^2) (aa)
homozygous dominant (p^2) (AA)
heterozygous (2pq) (Aa)
somatic (affects one)
germ-line (affects many)
natural selection (works on phenotype)
gene flow (random genetic change of alleles among populations due to migration
genetic drift (change in allele frequency due to random sampling of organisms)
non-random mating
fitness (combination of survivorship + reproduction)
positive selection (variant increases population until fixation)
negative selection (variant is purged from population)
balancing selection ( maintains a mix of alleles)
modes of selection
stabilizing selection (intermediate phenotypes have higher fitness than extreme varieties)
directional selection (individuals with one of the extreme phenotypes has a higher fitness than intermediate varieties)
divergent (disruptive) selection (both extreme phenotypes are favored at the expense of intermediate varieties)
microevolution (natural selection within population)
macroevolution
speciation process (links micro and macro); begins when gene flow between populations is reduced/eliminated
Biological Species Concept
reproductive isolation (required for BSC)
prezygotic
5 more items...
postzygotic
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allopatric speciation (physical separation)
colonization/dispersal
vicariance
Sympatric Speciation
ecological isolation
polyploidy
autopolyploidy
allopolyploidy
adaptive radiation
opportunity
morphological innovation
populations evolves, not individuals
size
sampling
mark-and-recapture
birth, death, immigration, emigration
carrying capacity
competition
intraspecific
interspecific
range
climate
density
distribution
Populations evolve, not individuals
Harvey Weinberg Equilibrium
no selection
no mutation
no migration
large population
random mating
phylogenetic trees
monophyletic (all members share a single common ancestor)
paraphyletic (some share common ancestors)
fossil records
geologic timescale
radiometric dating
polyphyletic (doesn't include common ancestor)
mass extinctions
ecology
abiotic factors
biotic factors
growth
continuous
exponential
discrete
demography
cells
cell membrane
hydrophilic
hydrophobic
homeostasis
osmosis
characteristics of life
growth + developement
reproduction
cellular organization
adaptation through evolution
gas exchange
plants --> stomata
animals/internal
air
water
metabolism
Liebig's Law of the minimum
heredity
response to stimuli