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(Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Born into noble family in Nepal
        
        Prohpecy said that if:
        
        ...but if he left home he would become a spirtual leader
        
        ...he stayed at home he would become a world ruler
        
        Father Isolated him in palace to make sure he was ruler
        
        Left the palace at 29 and saw 4 men
        
        Then a sick man
        
        3rd a corpse
        
        First an old man
        
        And lastly a wandering holy man who seemed at peace
        
        Siddhartha took those events as a message that only a religion can save us from the pain and suffering of the world
        
        He then went on a 6 year quest to be enlightened
        
        For 49 days he meditatided under a fig tree, and finally understood the cuase of the suffering of the world.
        
        1 more item...
        
        Consequences:
      - Origins of Buddhism
      - More about Buddha: https://thebuddhistcentre.com/text/who-was-buddha
    - - Four Noble Truths:
        
        The cuase of all suffering is people's selfish desire for the temporary pleasures of this world.
        
        The way to end all suffering is to end all desires
        
        Life is filled with suffering and sorrow
        
        The way to overcome such desires and attain enlightenment is to follow the Eightfold Path, which is called the Middle Way between desires and self denial
      - What is the Middle Way/Eightfold Path?
        
        Like a staircase, 8 steps to seek enlightendment
        
        Right Resolve
        
        Right Speech
        
        Right Views
        
        Right Conduct
        
        Right Livelyhood
        
        Right Effort
        
        Right Mindfulness
        
        Right Concentration
        
        By following these steps you can reach Nirvana, the "release from selfishness and pain"
        
        Why is it called "The Middle Way"?
        
        It is called the middle way as it is the middle most point between having everything and suffering from having nothing
        
        more about the Eightfold Path: https://thebuddhistcentre.com/text/noble-eightfold-path
      - Like Hinduism, reincarnation is possible, and that the world was in a cycle of creation and destruction.
      - Why does Buddhism appeal to laborers and craftspeople?
        
        Buddhism was very common with laborers and craftsmen as it rejected the caste system.
      - Monks and Nuns vowed to live a life of poverty, to be celibate, and to be peaceful
        
        They lived in monastaries and would spread the word of Buddha
      - Identitiy
    - - Buddhism gradually replaced by Hinduism in India
        
        After Buddah's death, Split into 3 divisions
        
        Mahayana
        
        Follows literature written after Buddha's death
        
        Teaches that becoming a monk/nun is not necesary
        
        Helped by bodhisattas, enlightened people but have not passed to nirvana
        
        Tibetan
        
        Very similar to Mahayana, with the addition of beliving in special techgniques to achive nirvana in a single lifetime
        
        Theravada
        
        "The Way of the Elders"
        
        Based on Oldest Buddhist Writings
        
        "Easiest way to nirvana is to become monk/nun"
        
        more about monks/nuns:
        https://www.learnreligions.com/about-buddhist-monks-449758
      - Trade/Spread (Migration)
        
        Traders helped spread Buddhism to other Asian/Middle Eastern countries
        
        Why is there a link between trade and religion?
        
        Trade doesn't only move goods, but also ideas. For example, a trader can come to a place, see a depressed person, and give them new light by sharing the ideas of their religion. That person can also spread the religion, and those people spread it even more.
        
        The move and influences from other religions evolved the 3 branches to even more variations
- - - - They have tried to trace Hinduism back to one founder with a single set of idea like Christianity and Buddhism, but can't find anything
        
        Hinduism is seen as a religion that is liberating the soul from the illusions, disappointments, and mistakes of everyday existence.
        
        Between the time 750 and 550 BC Hindu teachers tried to explain the hidden meaning of the Vedic hymns. Later on they were written down and are known as Upanishads.
        
        Mahavira is the founder of Jainism.
        
        Questions
        
        Q: How do Hindus view the general state of human life?
        A: Religion is a way to liberate your soul from the illusions, disappointments and mistakes of everyday existence
        
        Q: How do Hinduism and Jainism encourage moral conduct?
        A: Taught that one should treat all creatures in the world as one would like to be treated
        
        Concept
        
        2 more items...
        
        His teaching skills went against most of what the Hindus believed in.
        
        Jain monks believed that everything had a soul and they didn't want to hurt anything. They would wear gauze masks over their mouth so they wouldn't accidentally eat an insect. They also normally didn't eat meat.
        
        Along with not wanting to hurt anything they also would always tell the truth and avoid steeling of any kind. They also would take out greed, anger, prejudice, and gossip of their lives because if they had any of those feelings they believe that it would prevent them from achieving moksha.
        
        Lastly, Jains would normally give up everything that they had and become a monk or a nun. They would live outdoors and only be inside in a shelter when it was raining season.
        
        Upanishads are written as a discussion between the teacher and the student. The two can talk about how a person can achieve liberation from desires and suffering. This is know as moksha. Moksha is a state of perfect understanding of all things. The teacher can then decide if it is between an atman which is atman, or a Brahman which is he world soul that contains and unites all atmans. Hindus believe that everything in this world is an aspect of a Brahman.
- - - - Abraham- God chose abraham to be the "father" of the jewish people
        
        Monotheism - a belief in a single god, comes from the Greek words mono, meaning “one,” and theism, meaning “god-worship.”
        
        How did Monotheism cause problems?
        
        1st people to be monotheists.
        
        everyone around them = polytheist
        
        Romans did not like them and their monotheism
        
        nobody believed in their god because they had multiple gods
        
        God's Message to Abraham - "“The Lord said to Abram, ‘Go forth from your native land and from your father’s house to the land that I will show you. I will make of you a great nation, and I will bless you; I will make your name great; and you shall be a blessing.’ ”
      - Sacred Writings - Talmud; Hebrew bible
      - In what ways are torah and vedas similar?
        
        Vedas = sacred literature -> prayers, teachings, rituals, etc
        
        Torah = first 5 books of old testament (Hebrew bible) -> most sacred writings
        
        super similar - same meaning
      - Some advantages and disadvantages there were from Canaan's as a cultural crossroads
        
        advantages
        
        right on the Mediterranean
        
        good trading and traveling spot.
        
        big influence on western culture
        
        expanded Judaism
        
        disadvantages
        
        wars were common because fights among emporers all around them
        
        Romans did not like them
      - How would you compare the roles of judges and profits in Israelite Society?
        
        judges - Bible says God raised up judges.- to unit tribes, provide military leadership during a problem
        
        prophets - taught Israelites to worship God and live in peace w/ each other - moral conduct + right way of living
      - How were the roles of Saul and David similar and different in establishing the kingdom of Israel?
        
        Saul, was chosen largely because of his success in driving out the Philistines from the central hills. .
        
        King David, an extremely popular leader, united the tribes, established Jerusalem as the capital, and founded a dynasty
      - How did the split in the Kingdom of Israel affect each part of the kingdom?
        
        Next 200 years -> odd times; sometimes they would fight, or sometimes they would join together to fight enemies
        
        Each of the kingdoms had periods of prosperity, followed by low periods of conflict and decline.
      - Why might a stronger power accept tribute from a weaker state rather than attacking and annexing it?
        
        By paying tribute, Israel and Judah hoped to ensure that the mighty Assyrian empire would not attack.
      - Why might Cyrus have allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild their temple?
        
        Cyrus allowed them to return to their promised land. The Jews praised the Persian emperor in scripture as a savior to whom God gave power over other kingdoms so that he would restore them to Jerusalem and allow them to rebuild their Temple
      - Links
        
        https://www.hmhco.com/content/hmof/social_studies/hmhss/na/gr9-12/hs_ws_ese_9780544673595_/#lesson05--lesson_opener_1/
        
        https://www.bibleodyssey.org/en/places/main-articles/kingdom-of-israel