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Chapter 5 Vocabulary, Plants have many specialised structures that allow…
Chapter 5 Vocabulary
Autotrophs: organisms that can make their organic compounds using energy and inorganic compound. Heterotrophs: Obtain organic compounds by consuming autotrophs or other heterotrophs. Because they consume organic compounds, they are also called consumers
Organic compound
organic compounds: chemical substances that contain carbon, once though to have come from living organisms. However oxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, carbides and cyanides are not considered
Inorganic compound
inorganic compounds: water, carbon dioxide
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Plants have many specialised structures that allow them to efficiently exchange gases with their envrionment
When the guard cells are turgid, or swollen, the stomatal opening is large, allowing water and gases to enter and exit the leaf.
When guard cells lose water, the cells become flaccid and the stomatal opening closes, preventing water and gas from leaving the leaf
Gas exchange in plants occurs through the stoma. The stoma is the opening to an air space located in the lower epidermis of a leaf. Each stoma consists of two highly specialised epidermal cells called guard cells. The guard cells surround a pore, creating an opening through the epidermis and cuticle
Transpiration is the passive movement of water through a plant from the roots and its evaporation as water vapour through the stomatal pores in leaves. Transpiration involves the upwards movement of water against the force of gravity
In the cells of eukaryotic autotrophs, photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts
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