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49-1 Effects of injury on muscles - Coggle Diagram
49-1
Effects of injury on muscles
Overuse injury
The common etiology of these injuries is
repetitive trauma
that does not allow
time for complete repair of the tissues
Combined repetitive forces – microtrauma – inflammatory process – swelling
-Most commonly affected tissues are
the musculotendious unit
Muscle and tendon can fatigue with
Repetitive submaximal loading,
Rapidly applied loadings
Active musculotendious unit
is stretched by extneral forces
Bursae may become inflamed with
resultant effusion
and thickening of bursal wall
Nerves can be subjected to
compression injuries by
muscle hypertrophy,
decreased flexibility
altered joint mechanics
Muscle strain injures
Occur from
a single high force contraction
of the muscles,
while the muscle is
lengthened by external forces
Usually fails
at the junction between
muscle and tendon
Localised bleeding
Significant acute inflammatory response
Results in swelling, redness and pain
Eccentric Exercise-Induced muscle injury
Injuries to muscle
may occur after
a single bout of eccentric exercise
eg
30-40 minutes walking downhill
15-20 repetitions of high-load eccentric contractions
Loss of coordination
Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)
Reaches peak in 2-4 days after exercise
Only in
muscles performing eccentric exercises not in concentric exercise
Morphological evidence shows
deformation of the Z discs
and other focal lesions
Collagen breakdown
and other connective tissue alterations
Swelling and dramatic increase in muscle stiffness