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PHYSIOLOGY - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Type I
      - Type 2
      - gestational
    - - acute
      - chronic
  - - - e.g., OTC (ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency)
- - - - stricture
      - GERD
      - Main functions: (lower esophageal sphincter) carry food from mouth into stomach
      - esophagitis
    - - gastric surgery
        
        gastric bypass
        
        gastrectomy
        
        gastrojejunostomy
        
        gastroduodenostomy
      - Main function:
        
        break down food via peristalsis
        
        regulate entry of food into duodenum
        
        HCL - pepsin begin protein catabolism; free bound Fe?, activate IF (B12)
      - ulcer
      - hernia
      - gastroparesis
      - gastritis
    - - duodenum
      - jejunum
        
        celiac disease
      - ileum
        
        IBD: regional enteritis (crohn's disease)
      - Main functions:
        
        breakdown/absorb nutrients
        
        (bile, enzymes and mucus from peripheral organs)
        
        immune system
      - tropical sprue (tropical)
      - IBS
      - lactose intolerance (enterocytes)
    - - colon
        
        transverse
        
        ascending
        
        descending
        
        atonic colon (weakened muscles => constipation)
        
        IBD: ulcerative colitis
      - rectum
      - anus
      - cecum
      - bacteria overgrowth
      - diverticular disease
        
        diverticulosis (presence of diverticula)
        
        diverticulitis (diverticula inflammed)
      - diarrhea
        
        infant/children vs adult
        
        steatorrhea (fat malabs)
    - - tongue
        
        Main functions:
        
        Aid in chewing/swallowing
        
        Taste contributes signal for hunger/satiety*
      - dental
        
        chewing difficulties
        
        dental carries
      - Main functions:
        
        masticate food
        
        salivary amylase initiate CHO digestion
        
        swallowing
      - stomachitis
    - - jejunal resection; ileum can adapt and take over jejunal functions
      - colon resection: water loss, colonic salvage
      - ileal resection
        
        distal: ↓B12, IF
        
        ↓bile salts: ↓lipids, ↓ADEK
        
        fluid, electrolytes ↓abs/↑excret
  - - - Main functions:
        
        Store/release blood
        
        Metabolize+store nutrients
        
        Fluid/electrolyte balance
        
        Filter
        
        Energy storage regulation: protein, CHO (GNG), lipids
        
        Produce bile
      - Enzymes (circulating): ALP, LDH, AST, ALT
        SGOT Test
        
        ↑ levels: liver disease
        ↓ levels: uncontrolled DM
      - hepatitis
        
        acute viral
        
        HAV
        
        HBV
      - cirrhosis
        
        ascites
      - alcoholic liver disease
      - hepatic failure (ESLD)
    - - Main function:
        
        stores + concentrates bile to duodenum (emulsify fat)
      - cholecystitis
      - cholelithiasis (gallstones)
    - - Main functions:
        
        remove waste products
        
        filtrate, reabs. water, nutrients
        
        secrete hormones related to BP, blood components
        
        electrolyte/acid-base balance
      - renal calculi (calcium stone)
      - AKI, ARF
      - nephrosis/nephrotic syndrome
      - CKD
        
        ESRD
        
        dialysis
        
        hem
        
        peritoneal
    - - Main functions:
        
        store fats
        
        insulate
        
        (brown fat cells) thermogenesis
    - - thick mucus obstructs glands+dicts
        
        chronic pulmonary dz
        
        pancreatic enzyme deficiency
        
        ↑ perspiration electrolyte levels
        
        malabsorption