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WATER SUPPLY Will Our Taps Run Dry? - Coggle Diagram
WATER SUPPLY
Will Our Taps Run Dry?
Hydrological Cycle
Evaporation
water from lakes, rivers, oceans change to water vapour
Water vapour rises in the atmosphere and cools
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Transpiration
Plants give out water vapour through leaves
Condensation
water vapour becomes water droplets
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Precipitation
water droplets gather to form clouds
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clouds gets heavy
water falls back on earth as rain or snow
Infiltration
water will seep into the soil
stored is groundwater
Surface Runoff
water that flows over the Earth's surface
Definition
continuous movement of water from earth's surface to atmosphere and back again
Uses of Water
Domestic
(used at home)
consumption
hygiene
amenity (something that provides comfort/ convenience) use e.g. watering a garden
Economic
(used for livelihood)
Industry
for the manufacture, maintenance and cooling of generators
cleaning of machinery and products
process raw materials to finished products
Agriculture
water needed to irrigate the crops
growing of crops for food
Causes of Water Shortage
Increase in water usage
Population increase
more people require water and food
more water used in agricultural activities to produce food
Affluence
wealthy, able to live comfortably
a change in lifestyle
ornamental (e.g. water fountain) and leisure (e.g. swimming pool)
water-intensive appliances (e.g. washing machines)
buy more products
more water used to produce them
Decrease in water supply
Delay in monsoon season
irregular distribution of rainfall due to monsoon winds
droughts will occur if monsoon wind is delayed
monsoon winds bring moisture from the sea to the land
causes high rainfall / rainy season
Climate Change
intensify (make worse) irregular distribution of rainfall
Water Pollution
fresh water supply contaminated
water sources becomes unusable
Impact of Water Shortage
Domestic
Water Rationing
water is only available at certain times of the day
low supply, water needs to be conserved
Increased Difficulty in Collecting Water
water is scarce in developing countries
walking long distances required to collect water
safety compromised
health risk
Economic
Reduced agricultural yields
less water leads to lesser crops grown
less food produced, leading to starvation
Increased cost of industrial production
cost of growing, producing and manufacturing goods
cost of water will increase when supply is low
production cost increase
consumers pay more
Political
Conflict Over Water Supply
countries share common water sources
increasing demand of water, countries may disagree over the usage of water
Managing Water Shortage
Reduce Water Consumption
Pricing of Water
U-save rebate
for lower income families to reduce water bill
Water conservation tax
more water used, higher tax rate
Public Education
WELS: Water Efficiency Labelling Scheme
ticks on products to indicate water efficiency level
consumers make informed choices
Increase Water Supply
Local Catchment Water
area where rain falls and collected
e.g. reservoirs
Imported Water
water transported in pipelines from Johor
NEWater
used in industries to make electronic goods.
reverse osmosis
treat used water and change to drinkable water
Desalinated Water
remove salts and minerals from water
for homes and industries
Conserve through protecting water resource
Protection of Water Resources
prevent pollution by keeping waterways clean