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Chapter 1: Introduction to Chemistry - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 1: Introduction to Chemistry
The Scope of Chemistry
Chemistry
the study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes.
Matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
Virtually everything around us is matter, including both living and nonliving things.
Macroscopic
substances and objects that can be seen, touched, and measured directly
Microscopic
small particles, unable to be seen by the unaided eye, that make up all matter.
Areas if Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry
study of chemicals that do not, in general, contain carbon
Inorganic chemicals are commonly found in rocks and minerals
Energy research/technology
Analytical Chemistry
The study of the separation, identification, and quantities of the chemical components of natural and artificial materials.
Caffeine in a drink?
Doping by athletes
chemicals in drinking water
Biochemistry
study of chemical processes that occur in living things
Cure for cancer/other diseases
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Physical Chemistry
study of macroscopic properties, atomic properties, and phenomena in chemical systems.
rates of chemical reactions
energy transfers that occur in reactions
physical structure of materials at the molecular level
Organic Chemistry
study of chemicals containing carbon
Fuels
Chemicals in living organisms
Plastics
Pure and Applied Chemistry
Applied Chemistry
chemistry that is directed toward a specific practical goal or application.
Taking data from Petroleum and using it to make gasoline
Taking the data from the Rubber Tree and using it to make tires for automobiles
Taking data from Petroleum and using it to make plastics
Pure Chemistry
Research primarily to advance mankind's understanding of chemistry
Properties and Chemical composition of Rubber Tree
Properties and chemical composition of Petroleum
The Scientific Method
Problem Solving method
A logical, organized approach to the solution of a scientific problem.
Hypothesis
Educated Guess / Prediction
If..., Then... statement
Problem Statement
Question about something you want to solve
Materials
List of everything to be used in the activity
Every piece of equipment used
Exact amounts of all materials used
Procedure
Step by step order of the activity performed.
Data collection / Analysis
Create charts to gather data observed during activity
Color, smell, texture, amounts, state changes
Masses, Size, Volumes
Taking the data and putting it into charts
Conclusion
Closing section of the activity to summarize what happened.
Does the data support your original hypothesis?
No experiment is a failure. Simply proven correct or incorrect.
Used to be able to recreate the activity by others to prove/confirm results.
What happens after an experiment/activity?
Theory
a general principle that is offered to explain natural phenomena
May have several theories on one specific concept
Data is needed to support the theory.
Scientific Law
a statement that is always true, but does not explain why
Law of Gravity / Laws of Motion / Theory of Plate Tectonics / Theory of Atomic Structure