Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Kaylee Calderon 5th period - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Other newspapers soon copied Pulitzer's style. The New York Morning Journal, purchased by William Randolph Hearst in 1895, became even more successful than the World. Hearst had his reporters exaggerate the dramatic or shocking aspects of stories. This writing style became known as yellow journalism. The name came from the ink used for a popular newspaper comic strip character, the Yellow Kid.
      - Although New Orleans is considered the birthplace of jazz, the vibrant new music became popular across the country. In fact, the first recording of jazz music was made in New York City in 1917. Related to jazz was ragtime music. Like jazz, one of ragtime's major features was syncopation, a shifting of the usual musical accent. The pianist Scott Joplin was the leading ragtime composer.
      - The growth of public education was greatest at the high school level. The number of public high schools increased from 100 in 1860 to 12,000 in 1914. Despite this increase, many teenagers did not attend high school. Boys often went to work. The majority of high school students were girls.
      - 6-3 Beginning in the Progressive Era, presidents made efforts to regulate business and protect the environment.
        
        In 1902 the nation faced a major labor crisis. More than 100,000 members of the United Mine Workers went on strike. They wanted better pay and an eight-hour workday. They also wanted recognition of the union's right to represent members in talks with mine owners. The mine owners refused to negotiate with the workers. The coal strike dragged on for months. Winter approached—along with the need for coal. The American people called for action. President Roosevelt stepped in and asked the union and the owners to accept arbitration, in which both sides agree to accept a settlement offered by a neutral party. The union agreed, but the owners refused the plan.
        
        Taft lacked Roosevelt's flair. Still, he carried out—and went beyond—many of Roosevelt's policies. The Taft administration won more antitrust cases in four years than Roosevelt won in seven. Taft also favored safety standards for mines and railroads.President Taft supported the Sixteenth Amendment. It allowed Congress to tax people's incomes to collect money for the federal government. Progressives believed income taxes were more fair than other taxes. The split in the Republican Party hurt both Taft and Roosevelt. While the Republican and Bull Moose parties battled each other, Democrat Woodrow Wilson, a progressive reformer and former governor of New Jersey, won the election. Wilson won the presidency by the largest electoral majority up to that time. He swept 435 of the 531 electoral votes.
        
        President Roosevelt, in contrast, supported regulation of business and other progressive reforms. During his term, Roosevelt ordered the Justice Department to take legal action against certain trusts that violated the Sherman Antitrust Act. His first target was the Northern Securities Company. This railroad monopoly fought the charges of illegal activity all the way to the Supreme Court. In 1904 the Supreme Court decided that Northern Securities had illegally limited trade.
        
        6-4 Groups and organizations formed during the Progressive Era to meet the needs of minority groups.
        
        The Ku Klux Klan was a terror group that targeted African Americans after the Civil War. It was reborn in Georgia in 1915. The new Klan wanted a white, Protestant America. The Klan lashed out against minorities including Catholics, Jews, and immigrants, as well as African Americans. Calling for "100 percent Americanism," the number of Klan supporters grew and spread beyond the South. Many Klan members were from northern as well as southern cities and towns.
        
        African Americans rose to the challenge. Born into slavery, Booker T. Washington taught himself to read. In 1881 he founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. The school taught African Americans farming and industrial skills. Washington believed African Americans needed more economic power. With it, they would be able to win social equality and civil rights. Washington founded the National Negro Business League in 1900 to promote business development among African Americans.
        
        By the mid-1890s, the APA claimed to have 2 million members across the nation. Among other activities, the APA spread false rumors that Catholics were making plans to take over the country.
- - - - 9-2 Searching for "normalcy," the American people turned to probusiness and isolationist leadership.
        
        Like Harding, Coolidge believed in laissez-faire the idea that government should be involved as little as possible in the lives of citizens and businesses. He said, "If the federal government should go out of existence, the common run of the people would not detect the difference for a considerable length of time."
        
        After World War I ended, the United States, Britain, and Japan began a naval arms race. The Harding administration, however, made serious efforts for peace. In 1921 Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes met with officials from Japan and Britain to discuss the arms race. In February 1922, the three nations, along with France and Italy, signed the Five-Power Treaty to limit the size of the nations' navies. The treaty marked the first time in modern history that world powers agreed to disarm. #
        
        Some turned out to be dishonest. One example was Albert Fall, Harding's secretary of the interior. In 1922 Fall secretly leased, or rented, government oil reserves to two oil companies. In return, Fall received more than $400,000. A court found Fall guilty of bribery. He became the first cabinet official ever to go to prison. Newspapers called the scandal "Teapot Dome," after the location of one of the oil reserves. The affair became a symbol of widespread dishonesty in the Harding government.
        
        They both talk about something big happening to the US after the war such as jazz and the treaty finally being accepted.
      - 9-4 The 1920s was a period of many social and cultural changes but it was also a period of conflict between traditional and modern values.
        
        Jazz was not new in the 1920s. However, the exciting, upbeat music captured the spirit of the era so well that the 1920s are often called the Jazz Age. Jazz was rooted in African American culture, and many top performers were African Americans. They include trumpeter Louis Armstrong, composer Duke Ellington, and singer Bessie Smith. W.C. Handy, who won fame for pioneering a type of jazz known as the blues, was also making music at this time. The rhythm and themes of jazz helped inspire a blossoming of culture in Harlem, an African American neighborhood of New York City. During this "Harlem Renaissance," writers such as Langston Hughes, James Weldon Johnson, and Zora Neale Hurston shared the African American experience in novels, poems, and stories.
        
        In 1927 President Coolidge was expected to run for another term. When he announced that he would not, Herbert Hoover declared his candidacy for the Republican nomination. Hoover had won respect for his efforts to organize food relief for Europe during World War I. He showed such a gift in this role that "to Hooverize" came to mean "to economize, to save and share." Later, as secretary of commerce, he became known as a supporter of business. He easily won the nomination.
        
        Most married women continued to work at home as mothers and homemakers. The number of women working outside the home, however, grew steadily. Most working women became teachers, nurses, or office workers. A few college-educated women began professional careers. The symbol of the new "liberated" woman of the 1920s was the flapper—a carefree young woman with short "bobbed" hair, heavy makeup, and a short skirt. The growth of mass media—forms of communication that reach a wide audience—helped spread cultural changes. Mass media such as newspapers and radio grew, reaching millions.
    - - The "Great War" had begun. On one side were the Allied Powers, or the Allies. They included Great Britain, France, and Russia. On the other side, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman (Turkish) Empire made up the Central Powers. Japan was a rival of Germany in Asia. It joined the Allies in August 1914. Italy refused to honor its alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary. Instead, it joined the Allies in 1915.
      - With their land armies deadlocked in Western Europe, both sides turned to the sea. Great Britain blockaded all ports under German control. Over time, this produced serious shortages. Many Germans went without food and other supplies. Germany had an effective naval weapon of its own: the submarine. Known as U-boats from the German word Unterseeboot—these submarines sank ships carrying supplies to Britain. U-boat attacks on ships at sea eventually brought the United States into the war.
      - Much of the tension in Europe in 1914 came from a rise in nationalism (NASH • nuh • lih • zuhm), a feeling of intense loyalty to a country or group. Nationalism encouraged newly united nations such as Italy and Germany to show their power. Their actions threatened older nations, Great Britain and France.
      - They both say the same thing about the war.
    - - The Allies and Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919. Under its harsh terms, Germany had to accept full responsibility for the conflict. It had to pay the Allies billions of dollars. It had to disarm completely and give up its overseas colonies and some territory in Europe. The treaty also carved up the Austro-Hungarian and Russian Empires. It created some new nations and restored old ones. Border disputes, however, would lead to future conflicts.
      - In the months after Wilson's stroke, opposition to the treaty grew. In March 1920, the Senate voted on the treaty with Lodge's changes. It rejected the Treaty of Versailles. Wilson hoped the 1920 election would be a "great and solemn referendum" on the League. He even considered running for a third term. In the end, however, Wilson did not run. In 1921 the United States signed a separate peace treaty with each of the Central Powers. The United States never joined the League of Nations. #
      - In spite of these difficulties, Woodrow Wilson was optimistic. He had a vision of a just and lasting peace. He outlined his plan in what was called the Fourteen Points. Some of his points dealt with adjusting boundaries in Europe and creating new nations. These points reflected Wilson's belief in national self-determination the right of people to decide how they should be governed. Wilson also suggested rules for carrying out relations between countries. He supported free trade and freedom of the seas and an end to secret treaties or agreements among nations. He called for limits on arms and peaceful settlement of disputes over colonies. #
      - They both talk about how one of their things got rejected.