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Phonetis and Phonology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Are all those sounds used to express something in a language, that is, vowels and consonants.
        
        Allophones
        
        Is when there is no phonetic opposition or semantic change between 2 sounds but the is a contrast between these sounds.
        
        Example:
        
        In english the words ant (short "a") and mad (large "a") have the same semantic and phonemic, but there is a contrast
        
        phonotactics
        
        "Are statements of permissible strings of phonemes Two given languages may have certain sounds in common, but these sounds may not be combined in the same way" Pag 33 English phonetics and phonology for spanish speakers
        
        Example:
        
        "In English theta [θ] can be followed by
        [r] at the beginning of words (as in three, thread, thrill, etc.), in Spanish this is not a possible consonant
        sequence" Pag 33 English phonetics and phonology for spanish speakers
        
        Example:
        
        "the vowels in the words 'pin'
        and 'pen'... or the vowels of 'pet' and 'bet'. " Pag 2 English Phonetics and Phonology A practical course
        
        units of speech
        
        Stress
        
        "(which could be roughly described as the relative strength of a syllable) " Pag 3 English Phonetics and Phonology A practical course
        
        Intonation
        
        "(the use of the pitch of the voice to convey meaning)" Pag 3 English Phonetics and Phonology A practical course
    - - Is the study about the pattern of the english language and his organization.
        
        phonological universals
        
        "Short vowels, like the one in English ship, imply long ones, like that of sheep" Pag 41English phonetics and phonology for spanish speakers.
        
        "If a language has nasalized vowel
        phonemes, it also has oral vowel phonemes" Pag 41English phonetics and phonology for spanish speakers.
        
        Morphological universals
        
        "If a language has the category of gender (masculine and feminine), it also has the category of number (singular and
        plural)" Pag 41English phonetics and phonology for spanish speakers.
        
        "If a language has inflection... it always has derivation" Pag 41English phonetics and phonology for spanish speakers.
        
        Syntactic universals
        
        "Languages with dominant VSO (VerbYSubjectYObject) order usually have the adjective after the noun" Pag 41English phonetics and phonology for spanish speakers.
        
        WordYorder universals
        
        "Languages with dominant VSO (VerbYSubjectYObject) order almost always have prepositions" Pag 41English phonetics and phonology for spanish speakers.
        
        "Languages with
        dominant SOV (SubjectYObjectYVerb) order often have postpositions" Pag 41English phonetics and phonology for spanish speakers.
- - - - Auditory phonetics
        
        "Is concerned with hearing and the perception of speech, or our response to
        speech sounds as received through the ear and brain." Pag 30 English phonetics and phonology for spanish spanish speakers
      - Acoustics phonetics
        
        "studies the physical properties of speech sounds during transmission from speaker to hearer " Pag 30 English phonetics and phonology for spanish speakers
        
        frequency
        
        amplitude
        
        pitch
      - Articulatory phonetics
        
        "describes the way the sounds are delivered" pag 30 English phonetics and phonology for spanish speakers
        
        "studies the nature and limits of the human ability to
        produce speech sounds " pag 30 English phonetics and phonology for spanish speakers
    - - "phonetics provides information on the physiological and acoustic properties of sounds" Pag 37 phonetics and phonology for spanish speakers.
        
        "Kenneth
        pike said (1947: 57): Iphonetics gathers raw material. phonemics ( phonology) cooks it" Pag 37 phonetics and phonology for spanish speakers.
      - "phonology investigates what properties have a functional, communicative value" Pag 37 phonetics and phonology for spanish speakers.