Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Blastocyst (day 4), further development, formation of chorionic villi,…

- - - - paraxial mesoderm (Week 3)
        
        Somitomeres
        
        Somite
        
        dermatome
        
        dermis of skin
        
        sclerotome
        
        vertabra+ rib cage
        
        myotome
        
        muscles of ventral body wall+ limbs (axial + appendicular muscles)
        
        cranial region
        
        neuromeres
        
        mesenchyme tissue at head
      - prechordal plate (between future notochord+orophryngeal membrane) (day15-16)(A-P determination)
        
        induction of forebrain
      - notochord plate (behind prechordal plate) (day 16)
        
        definitive notochord (cranial [prechordal plate] to caudal [primitive pit]) (day 16)
      - With BMP-4(TGF-beta)+FGF induce ventralization (p.63) (view axis determination)
        
        intermediate mesoderm (Week 3)
        
        Kidney (at retroperitoneal space)
        
        gonad (at retroperitoneal space)
        
        lateral plate mesoderm (Week 3)
        
        coelom
        
        peritoneal cavity
        
        splanchnic mesoderm
        
        Wall of gut (except epithelial lining)
        
        heart+ blood vessel (circulatory system)
        
        somatic mesoderm
        
        dermal layer of vertebral skin
        
        limb buds
        
        limb bones+ limb ligaments+ limb dermis
        
        parietal serosa
    - - formation of gut tube (day 22) (during ventral folding)
        
        midgut (connects with yolk sac with vitelline duct)
        
        hindgut (terminates at clocoal membrane)
        
        anal canal
        
        formation of anus (7th wwek)
        
        foregut
        
        connects with primitive oral cavity (week 4)
    - - neural plate (above notochord)
        
        neural groove
        
        neural tube
        
        CNS (brain + spinal cord)
      - neural crest cell (outskirts of neural plate)
        
        sensory nerve cells
        
        into mesenchyme tissue (form other tissues) ex: melanocytes,facial bones
      - presence of BMP4
        
        epidermis (skin + nails + sweat glands+ oil glands)
      - prenotochordal cell
      - ectodermal thickening
        
        lens placodes
        
        lenses of eyes
        
        otic placodes
        
        acoustic system
        
        equilibrium system
    - - the barrier between stomodeum (ectoderm) and pharynx (endoterm)
        
        rupture at week 4 to connect
    - - clocal membrane (cadual end )((tightly adherent ectoderm+endoterm) (day 16)
        
        allantois (allantoenteric diverticulum)(into connecting stalk) (day 16)
        
        barrier of anal canal and proctodeum at invaginationg pit
        
        rupture at 7th week
  - - - extraembryonic mesoderm (fills up space between inner cytotrophoblast+ exoelomic cavity) (day 11-12)
        
        extraembryonic cavity/coelom (chorionic cavity) in extraembryonic mesoderm (day 11-12)
        
        chrionic cavity (day 13)
        
        extraembryonic splanchnopleuric mesoderm (toward primitive yolk sac)(day 11-12)
        
        extraembryonic somatopleuric mesoderm (toward cytotrophoblast) (day 11-12)
        
        chorionic plate(day 13)
        
        connecting stalk (day 13)
        
        add blood vessels via teritary villi
        
        umbillical cord (day 20)
      - exocoelomic cysts (remanants of primirtive yolk sac in chorionic cavity)(day 13)
    - - A-P axis determination by control nodal expression+ AVE gene expression(p.62) (view axis determination)
    - - secondary yolk sac (definitive yolk sac) (inside extraembryonic mesoderm) (day13)
- - - - primary villi (cellular column penetrate into syncytium) (with syncytium covering) (day13)
        
        secondary villi (with mesodermal core)
        
        Definitive placental (teritary) villus (with villous capillary system) (end of 3rd week)
        
        made contact with intraembryonic circulatory system
        +
        connect with chorionic plate and connecting stalk (hypoblast)
        
        to decidua basalis (where future placenta forms)
        
        2 more items...
        
        cytotrophoblast cells invade maternal endometrium+contact with maternal capillaries
        
        Outer cytotrophoblast shell
        (attach chorionic sac to maternal endometrium)
  - - - uteroplacental circulation (substance exchangement with mother)(day 11-12)
- - - - Zygote (combination of pronuclei) +intial cleavage
        
        full embryology clip https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VoaxRbve42o&t=569s
        
        1.release of cortical oocyte granules to alter zona pellucida+oocyte membrane structure
        (zona reaction)(prevent polyspermy)
        2.resumption of second meiotic division
        3.activate oocyte metabolism
        
        Fertilization(day 1)
        
        1.Capacitation: Remove glycoprotein cap from acrosome
        2.Acrosome reaction: Sperm penetrate corona radiata (released follicle)
        +zona pellucida
        
        Sperm meet oocyte at ampulla region of uterine tube (close to ovary)
        (note:semen-60-200 million/ml of sperm
        sperm speed 2-3mm /day)