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(procedure and function, parameters, variables) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - round
        
        rounds a number to a certian decimal place
      - length
        
        works out the length of a string
      - random
        
        generates a random number
- - - - parameters are passed by value when a parameter is needed in a subroutine but where the value wont change in the subroutine. the subroutine will pass a copy of the original parameter, so the original value will stay the same
    - - parameters are passed by value when a parameter is needed in a subroutine and its value will be going to change in the subroutine when passed in. any change in that subroutine will result in the change of that original value
      - we use reference when passing regardless as it saves space since it wont be making a copy