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Smart Markets for Smart Grids - Coggle Diagram
Smart Markets for Smart Grids
Access to Data
Reference- Available in
https://info.aee.net/hubfs/Access%20to%20Data_FINAL_4.9.18.pdf
The increasing value of data
Can help DER providers
determine the best places to locate DER and
respond to system needs with better cost-effective
Encourage competitive utilities and suppliers to develop new and innovative customers dynamic rate structures and offers
Customers can track and manage their
energy use
Help drive innovation
Efficient energy management
Energy situation information
Power generation amount
Predict future behavior
Error can be predicted
Predict the energy consumption
Energy sharing/trading
Internet of things
Block chain
Energy coin
Security
Develop strong security protocols to protect and secure customer and electric system data
Any personally identifiable customer data should not be shared without the consent of the customer (PII)
Challenges
A standardized data exchange to provide individual customer data to customers and customer-authorized third parties.
Open access to the bill-quality data preferably through Electronic Data Interchanges.
Aggregated, anonymized customer data, system data and grid planning data should be made available on an as requested basis.
Distribution System Planning
Reference - Available in
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032120301350?via%3Dihub
Interactions With the Bulk Power System
Coordination so that the resources are available when expected
Safety and reliability are maintained
Integration With Other Planning Activities
Integrated resource planning (IRP)
Transmission/wholesale market planning
Interconnection
Grid modernization
Alleviate the need for new centralized generation and/or transmission
Opportunity for NWA projects that can substitute in certain circumstances for traditional utility distribution system solutions
PROGRAMS
Such as demand response programs or new competitivelysourced load reduction programs
PROCUREMENT
Non-wires solutions or NWAs
Competitive solicitation framework to source DER-based solutions at the lowest cost
Stakeholder Engagement
Open and transparent stakeholder collaboration
BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS (BCA) FRAMEWORK
Analytical framework
To compare the costs and benefits of all potential resources
Evaluation of all supply-side and demand-side resources
Framework to Properly Value and Source Services from DERs
Regulatory structure
Procurements, programs, and pricing
Growth of DER
Interconnection and interoperability
Transparency and information
customers, regulators, and third parties
Facilitate a common discussion and enable investments
Hosting capacity
Determine the available electric distribution capacity for interconnecting DERs
focus on the principal system constraints: thermal, safety/reliability, voltage/power quality and protection limits
Assessing the Distribution System
Identify the capacity to accommodate injections in each area, known as hosting capacity
Identify investments necessary to enable a more integrated grid
Load forecasting
Identify need
Projections
complex process that underpins a utility’s investment plans
Modern Grid
Communication
Capability
Modern Distribution System Planning
Customer & Municipal Project Need Analysis (new loads)
Maintenance & Replacement Schedules
DER Forecasts & Scenario modeling
DER Interconnection Queues
Load Modeling & Forecasting
Rapid Improvements in Advanced Energy Technologies
Increase customer adoption of DER
Changes in public policy goals
Changes in the Electric Grid
Shift in the Typer of Investments needed to maintain e reliably operate the distribution grid
Enhancements to the Distribution System
Provides Grid Operators with More Visibility into, and Control of the System
True Integration of DER Technologies and Applications
Deployment of Digital Technologies
Examine Distribution System Capabilities, Needs, and Operational Constraints
A “Walk-Jog-Run” approach
“Jogging” may entail developing a framework to value and source services from DERs
“Running” may involve using distribution system planning outputs to inform integrated resource plans and/or transmission planning
“Walking” may mean initiating DER hosting capacity analyses and improving interconnection processes and operational enhancements
Rate-Design (mass market costumers)
Reference - Available in
https://info.aee.net/hubfs/PDF/Rate-Design.pdf
Time Varying Rates
Encourage better use of energy
Difficult to understand
NEED GRADUALISM
DATA NECESSITY
TECHNOLOGY NECESSITY
Minimum Bills
Revenue to DISCO
Discourages EE
negatively affects low consumers
Easy to understand
Demand Charges
remunerates better use of the grid
encourages better use of energy
Peak time difference
DATA NECESSITY
TECHNOLOGY NECESSITY (METER)
Discourages DG
Net Metering
Locational
Penetration
Benefits
losses
Need to be
Locational
Reliable
Efficient
Flexible
FAIR
CONSUMER PARTICIPATION
Traditional Rate Design Objectives
X
Emerging Rate Design Objectives
Energy Efficiency
Reference - Available in
https://info.aee.net/hubfs/PDF/Energy-Efficiency.pdf
Demand
Building Energy
Management Systems
High-efficiency heating
and cooling systems
Challenges to energy efficiency
LED lighting
Quality
Grid Resilience
Grid Optimization
High efficiency insulation
Behavioral programs
Access to Data
Regulation
Public Policies
PROCEL
Incentives
Performance incentives for utilities to
achieve high levels of EE
Financing for EE and other distributed
energy resource (DER) investments
Policies that support performance
contracting for public buildings
Programa Brasileiro de Etiquetagem
Programas de Eficiência Energética – PEE
Energy EfficiencySupervision Program
Stardards
More stringent codes and standards for buildings, appliances, and equipment
Market Model
Competition
Opex Capex
Reference - Available in
https://info.aee.net/hubfs/PDF/Opex-Capex.pdf
SERVICE-BASED SOLUTIONS
Capitalization of a Pre-Paid
Service Contract
Non-Wires
Alternative
DER Incentive Pilot
TOTEX
REGULATORY MODEL
NEW SERVICES FOR UTILITIES
NEW TECHNOLOGIES
INCENTIVES IN THE REGULATORY MODEL
EV Issue
Reference - Avaiable in
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8011541
Types of Electric Vehicles
Hybrid electric vehicles
Extended Range Electric Vehicle (E-REV)
Hibrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs)
Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV)
Road Powered Electric Vehicle (RPEV)
Battery
Battery types
NiMH
high technological maturity - increase until 2030
Li-ion
cost
performance
Na-NiCl2
Battery management
Charge/Discharge safety
Prolonging battery cyclelife/lifetime
SOC/SOP/SOH estimation
Cell balancing
Active cell balancing
Passive cell balancing
General roles
Assisting renewable penetration
Grid optimization
Sustainability (less emissions)
Frequency regulation
High efficiency
Challenges
Autonomy
Recharge infrastructure
Interdependence with the development of EVs
Public charging stations
Costs
1/3 Battery
DER- Renewables
Reference - Available in
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032120301350
Electricity as a common good
Polycentricity
many centers of governance
prosumers
co-production
P2P
New paradigm
fundamental innovations
disruptive landscape
Social acceptance (SA)
SA 2.0
dynamic insights
many and diverse actor groups
three dimensions
community
market
socio-political acceptance
SA 1.0
public attitudes
single techniques or source
Social-technical system (STS)
Hardware
Resource Units (RU
Resource System (RS)
Software
Users (U)
Governance System (GS)
Advanced Metering
Reference- Available in
https://info.aee.net/hubfs/PDF/Advanced-Metering.pdf
Benefits from coupling with other technologies
Behavioral energy efficiency
Reliability
Time-varying rates
Reduced system losses
Distribution Automation
Avanced Metering Infrastructure (AMS)
Tools to help customers proactively manage their usage during the billing period
Measurement of customers’ power quality and voltage
Communication with and control of smart devices
Two-way communication between customers and the electric distribution company
Automated outage and restoration notification
Collection of customers’ usage data in near real-time, such as hourly or less
Questions to consider
What is the most cost-effective deployment strategy?
Who will pay for the deployment?
Which customers should receive AMI?
How will privacy concerns with regard to customer and third-party access to data be handled?
Who will own and maintain the infrastructure?
Advanced Metering Functionality (AMF)
A broader term that refers to the capabilities that technology provides