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Mughal Empire- The Mughal Empire ruled most of India and Pakistan in the…
Mughal Empire- The Mughal Empire ruled most of India and Pakistan in the 16th and 17th centuries.
Abu Akbar
He was the third emperor and regarded as one of the greatest emperors. He succeeded to the throne at 13 and started to recapture the territory lost from Babur's empire.
he ruled over most of north, central, and western India before his death.
He married a Hindu princess. He believed all religions should be tolerated and be formed as a delegated government
He established a delegated government. He included Hindus in positions of responsibility.
Akbar also ended a tax that had been imposed on non-Muslims and ending it was a popular move. . For example, non-Muslims were not forced to obey Islamic law, and Hindus were allowed to regulate themselves through their own law and institutions.
Aurangzeb
Last Mughal Emperor
Aurangzeb ruled for nearly 50 years. He came to the throne after imprisoning his father and having his older brother killed
He was very observant
He no longer allowed the Hindu community to live under their own laws and customs, but imposed Sharia law (Islamic law) over the whole empire.
He invaded the Hindu territory in the late 17th centuary
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Aurangzeb's extremism caused Mughal territory and creativity to dry up and the Empire went into decline. The Mughal Emperors that followed Aurangzeb effectively became British or French puppets. The last Mughal Emperor was deposed by the British in 1858.
Babur.
Babur was the first Mughal Emperor, who was also a descendant of Genghis Khan and Tamerlaine.
Babur conquered Farghana in Turkestan when he was only 12
Babur moved into Afghanistan in 1504, and then moved on to India, and captured the Turkic Ghur'iat Sultanate of Delhi
His empire was a mixture of Persian, Mongol and Indian culture.
Under Babur Hinduism was tolerated and new Hindu temples were built with his permission.
The importance of slavery diminished the peace that was made with the other kingdoms of Southern India
His first act after conquering Dehli was to forbid killing cows because it was offensive to Hindus
He wrote an autobiography called- The Babur- Namah
Babur's son did not follow his footsteps and quickly lost the empire. He regained it, but soon died after. A lthough Babur's son Humayan was a disastrous ruler, his love of poetry and culture heavily affected his son, Akbar
Jahangir
Jahangir was Akbar's son
He readopted Islam as the state religion but tolerated other religions also
His court included large numbers of Indian Hindus, Persian Shi'a and Sufis and members of local heterodox Islamic sects.
He imported Persian architects to help him build magnificent monuments, architecture and beautiful structures
Jahangir's approach caused Urdu as the official language of Empire. Urdu uses an Arabic script, but Persian vocabulary and Hindi grammatical structure.
Jahan
Jahan was the successor of Jahangir
The architecture was at its peak during his rein
Jahan comissioned the Taj Mahal. The Taj Mahal diplays the Mughals as stable, confident and powerful. He built it in memory of his wife Mumtaz.
By Jahan's period the capital had moved to the Red Fort in Delhi, putting the Fort at the heart of Mughal power. As if to confirm it, Jahan had these lines inscribed there: "If there is Paradise on earth, it is here, it is here." Jahan spent a lot of money on this