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PHONETICS:
THE SOUNDS OF LANGUAGE, Key concepts: - Coggle Diagram
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Key concepts:
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Oral sounds are sounds produced with the velum up, blocking the air from escaping through the nose.
Nasal sounds: When the velum is not in its raised position, air escapes through both the nose and the mouth.
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Fricatives [f] [v] [θ] [ð] [s] [z]: In the production of some continuants, the airflow so severely obstructed that it causes friction, and the sounds are therefore called fricatives.
Affricates: Some sounds are produced by a stop closure followed immediately by a gradual release of the closure that produces an effect characteristic of a fricative.
Liquid consonants: In the production of the sounds [l] and [r], there is some obstruction of the airstream in the mouth, but not enough to cause any real constriction or friction.
Glides: They are produced with little or no obstruction of the airstream in the mouth. They are always preceded or followed directly by a vowel.
Lip rounding: They are produced with the lips pursed, or rounded, and the back of the tongue at decreasing heights.
A diphthong is a sequence of two sounds, vowel + glide. The vowels that are simple vowels (just one vowel sound) are monophthongs.
When the nasal passage is blocked, oral vowels result; when the nasal passage is open, nasal (or nasalized) vowels result.
When nonconcontinuants are produced, occur a total obstruction of the airstream in the oral cavity, when continuants, are produced the stream of air flows continuously out the mouth.
• Obstruents: The airstream may be fully obstructed, as in nonnasal stops and affricates, or partially obstructed, as in the production of fricatives.
• Sonorants: Are produced with relatively free airflow through either the mouth or nose
Labials: Labial sounds are those articulated with the involvement of the lips. Coronals: These are sounds articulated by raising the tongue blade. Anterior: Anterior sounds are consonants produced in the front part of the mouth. Sibilants: The friction created in the production of fricatives and affricates causes a hissing sound.