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Repro pathogens 2 [Cattle] - Coggle Diagram
Repro pathogens 2 [Cattle]
Bacterial
Campylobacter spp.
Pathogenesis
Enteric - diarrhoea
Sporadic abortion
Young animals
Zoonotic
C. fetus ss. venerealis
Ascending infection
Infertility
Early embryonic death
Prevent implantation
Cotyledon necrosis
Sporadic abortion (~10%)
Bulls - asymptomatic
Transmission
Virulence factors
Capsule - S layer
Antiphagocytic
Prevent complement deposition
Intracellular survivial
Pili / adhesin
Binding to intestinal epithelium
Enterotoxin ; cytotoxin; endotoxin
Faeco-oral route
Intestinal colonisation
Septicaemia
Localisation in repro tract
Breeding ; AI contamination
DIagnosis
Sample collection
Prepuce washing / scrapings + semen
Culture / PCR
Vaginal mucus washings
Culture / ELISA
Aborted fetus
Abomasum contents
Histopath, culture, IFA
Serology
Aborted dams blood
Treatment / control
Tetracyclines
Abortion storm outbreaks
Increasing AMR
Vaccinations - bacterins
Yearly immunity [CampyVax, VibroVax]
Clear infections from carrier bulls
AI - Treat semen with antibiotics
Leptospira
Diagnosis
Serological tests
Microscopic agglutination test (MAT)
Serogroup specific assay
PCR , Histopath
Foetal heart, intestines, liver, and kidney
Culture - uncommon
Special media, slow growing
Transmission - urine
Direct
Conjunctival spalsh, abraded skin, veneral transmission, ingestion
Indirect
Contaminated water
Pathogenesis
Host adapted serovar
"Maintenance host"
Non-host adapted serovar
"Accidental hosts"
Abortion ; stillbirth
Fever / respiratory, haemoglobinuria
Treatment / control
Vaccination - 7 in 1
Minimise shedding
Salmonella
Pathogenesis
Septicaemia
Organ localisation - placenta
Abortion
Haematogenous spread
Late abortion
Transmission
Fomites; faecal-oro, other animals
Diagnosis
Histopath, serology
Culture
Foetal fluids (stomach) + tissue
Listeria
Transmission
Exogenous
Ingestions
Poorly preserved silage - temperature
Endogenous
Septicaemia ; trigeminal nerves CN V
Pathogenesis
Intracellular survival
1 of 4 clinical syndrome ONLY
Visceral form - septicaemia
Late Abortion
Foetal birth with CNS defects
Placenta localisation
Sporadic
L. icanovii or L. monocytogenes
Neural form
CNS microabscessation
Meningoencephalitis "Circling disease"
Matitis
Diagnosis
Culture
Foetal fluids and tissues
Histopath
Foetal hepatitis , placentitis
Viral
Pestivirus
BVDV
Pregnant cow
<125d: Foetal tolerance
Persistently infected cow - carrier source
0-45d:
:arrow_down: conception rate
Embryonic death
100-150d:
Congenital defects
Cerebellar hypoplasia
Hydranencephaly
125-285d:
Foetal immune response
Neutralise anitbody
Control - 7 in 1 vaccine
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1)
Pathogenesis
Infectious pustular
Balanoposthitis
Prepuce + glans of penis
Vulvovaginitis
Genital ulcerations - 2 weeks
Latent infections
Sacral ganglia
Secondary bacterial infection
Metritis
Purulent discharge
Temperary infertility
Abortigenic strain
Exotic to Aus
Generalised
Newborn calves
Diagnosis
Swabs - nares; conjuctiva; genitals
PCR; Viral culture
Aborted fetuses
Histopath; PCR; IFA; ELISA
Control
Vaccines
Inactivated - inconsistent
Genetically modified
Eradication programmes
Test and cull
Akabane virus
Transmission
Arthropod vector
Culicoides brevitarsis
midge
Northern Aus
Migration into naive areas
Pathogenesis
Naive pregnant cows
Transplacental
Severe foetal arthrogryposis - hindlimbs
Targets foetal CNS
Diagnosis
Clinical signs
3-4 mo gestation
Hydranencephaly
Brain tissue destruction
5-6mo gestation
Arthrogryposis
Spinal cord damage
Joint capsule development
In-utero movement
Flexed joints
Late pregnancy
Polioencephalomyelitis
Abortion ; still-births
Bluetongue virus
Transmission
Culicoides brevitarsis
midge
Pathogenesis
Virulent BTV serotype exotic to Aus
Aborted fetuses
Hydrancephaly