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Booklet 2: Long Term reasons for calling the crusade - Coggle Diagram
Booklet 2: Long Term reasons for calling the crusade
Political Reasons
Papal primacy; over both Greek and Latin Churches
Start of growing political relations with Alexius; 1089: lifting excommunication
Shows authority over the lay people (secular powers/authority)
Henry IV power was questioned by calling the crusade (investiture conflict)
Council of Clermont; more support
Henry IV son and wife had defected to Pope Urban's side
1094: Urban had briefly re-entered Rome
Social Reasons
Reaching more people; dissemination of his view
'Floweth with milk and honey': appealing to those suffering in famine (a sign from god)
Claim land due to over population; landless sons can claim land e.g. Guiscard travelled to take land
Calling for knights in order to re-direct their anger and violence caused by primogeniture towards a new enemy; united by Christ and the principle of indulgence
Religious Reasons
Promising indulgence and glory in heaven
Jerusalem: the birth and death place of Christ; offering an opportunity for pilgrimage achieving penance
Spread Christendom showing superiority and convert people to Christianity; saving souls of the people (his job)
Literally creating a God's army; knights of St Peter, Just War Theory
God's will: commet in 1066, famine
Religion became more important as discussion emerged
To help the Byzantines
Appeal answered to help a fellow Christian brother (March 1095)
Kilij Arslan now close to Anatolia because of Civil War caused by Malik Shah's death
Creates opportunity to take Anatolia back: regain tax, land, military, grain and trade
Taken after Manzikert 1071 due to Micheal Ducas failing to uphold the treaty that Romanus instated
Now owe loyalty to the papacy