Booklet 2: Long Term reasons for calling the crusade
Political Reasons
Social Reasons
Religious Reasons
To help the Byzantines
- Papal primacy; over both Greek and Latin Churches
- Start of growing political relations with Alexius; 1089: lifting excommunication
- Shows authority over the lay people (secular powers/authority)
- Henry IV power was questioned by calling the crusade (investiture conflict)
- Council of Clermont; more support
- Henry IV son and wife had defected to Pope Urban's side
- 1094: Urban had briefly re-entered Rome
- Reaching more people; dissemination of his view
- 'Floweth with milk and honey': appealing to those suffering in famine (a sign from god)
- Claim land due to over population; landless sons can claim land e.g. Guiscard travelled to take land
- Calling for knights in order to re-direct their anger and violence caused by primogeniture towards a new enemy; united by Christ and the principle of indulgence
- Promising indulgence and glory in heaven
- Jerusalem: the birth and death place of Christ; offering an opportunity for pilgrimage achieving penance
- Spread Christendom showing superiority and convert people to Christianity; saving souls of the people (his job)
- Literally creating a God's army; knights of St Peter, Just War Theory
- God's will: commet in 1066, famine
- Religion became more important as discussion emerged
- Appeal answered to help a fellow Christian brother (March 1095)
- Kilij Arslan now close to Anatolia because of Civil War caused by Malik Shah's death
- Creates opportunity to take Anatolia back: regain tax, land, military, grain and trade
- Taken after Manzikert 1071 due to Micheal Ducas failing to uphold the treaty that Romanus instated
- Now owe loyalty to the papacy