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CONTENT OF THE FTAs, REFERENCES [• European Court of Auditors (2019).…

- - - - The entry into force
  - - - Reduce gradually in diff, periods.
    - - Reduce a part of the tariff
    - - Elimination of tariffs on some products
- - - - by Unfair practices like...
        
        Subsidies
        
        When gov provides financial advice to companies to produce and export
        
        Dumping
        
        Sell goods below cost or prices permited in their local market.
      - In form of a temporary tariff
  - - - Taxes on imports of products of the country.
        
        Provisional
        
        6 months
        
        Definitive
        
        5 years
    - - Taxes for imports of products that are subsided.
        
        Provisional
        
        4 months
        
        Definitive
        
        5 years
    - - When imports of a specific product increase its price or production
        
        Give time to countris to adapt
        
        regulating imports
        
        Provisional
        
        200 days
        
        Definitive
        
        4 years
- - - - Services supplied in the exercise of gov authority.
      - Air Transport Services.
    - - Cross-border trade
        
        From A to B (members)
      - Consumption Abroad
        
        In territory of A to service consumer of any other.
      - Commercial Presence
        
        by service supplier of A through C.P in territory of any other.
      - Presence of Natural Persons
        
        By service supplier of A through presence of natural persons of a member (B) in terrotory of any.
    - - Provided to companies and professionals
        
        • Accounting services
        
        • Advertising services
        
        • Architectural and engineering services
        
        • Computer and related services
        
        • Juridical services
      - Communications
        
        • Audiovisual services
        
        • Postal and postal services
        
        • Telecommunications
        
        • Telecomunicaciones
      - Construction
        
        ● Distribution services
        
        ● Teaching services
        
        ● Energy related services
        
        ● Services related to the environment
        
        ● Financial services
        
        ● Social and Health Services
        
        ● Tourism services
        
        ● Transport services
- - - - Cost reduced in customs,tax and cargo procedures.
      - Time reduced
      - Improvement of transport sector productivity
      - Easier access to regulations and procedures
      - Adoption of the HS nomenclature.
      - Alignment of trade documents.
      - Promotion of democratic institutions
      - Tariff reductions.
    - - Increased costs for human resources, regulatory / legislative costs expenses.
      - Administrative corruption.
      - “Tax farming”.
  - - - To implement measures and instruments of commercial policy
        
        Like: anti-dumping duties and safeguard measures
      - To determine whether imported products shall receive:
        
        Most-favoured-nation (MFN) treatment or preferential treatment
      - For the purpose of trade statistics
      - For the application of labelling and marking requirements
      - For government procurement.
    - - Equally applied for any purpose
      - Transparent and predictable
      - Do not complicate its implementation
      - Consistent and administered uniformly, consistently, reasonably and impartially.
      - Every product must have a country of origin, which must be the country where all the production took place.
      - Do not create effects that restrict, distort or disrupt international trade.
- - - - Non- Discrimination
        
        Most Favoured Nation treatment (MFN),
        
        National Treatment (NT)
      - Fairness
        
        Transparency
        
        make informationa available
        
        Fair and equitable treatment
    - - Digital marketplace
      - Contracts finder
      - Small business research initiative (SBRI)
      - Local enterprise network
      - Public sector organisation
      - Trade magazine advertisements
- - - - Trademarks
      - Geographical indications
      - Industrial designs
      - Patents
      - Layout-designs of integrated circuits
      - Undisclosed information
- - - - Type of DSM
        
        Political or diplomatic
        
        Tribunal
        
        Ad hoc arbitral panel
      - Appel Mechanism
        
        Prevent or correct judicial errors
      - Right to initiate a lawsuit
        
        States
        
        Corporations
        
        Citizens
      - Overlaping obligations
        
        Choose a single legal regime
      - The entry into force
      - Enforcement mechanism
        
        Compensation
        
        Retaliation
        
        Grant damages to injured party
        
        Political peer
    - - Mediation
        
        two or more try to reach agreement
        
        Process
        
        Mediator describe rules
        
        Each part describe the problem
        
        Mediator make open questions
        
        Agreement sought
        
        Resolution option
        
        Agreement is reached / may resort to arbitration
      - Arbitration
        
        Institutional
        
        Rules from a institution
        
        Ad hoc
        
        agree on their own rules procedure