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INTERNATIONAL TENSIONS - Coggle Diagram
INTERNATIONAL TENSIONS
ANGLO FRENCH RELATIONS
Fashoda Crisis (1898)
Britain (Cecil Rhodes): Wanted to link Uganda to Egypt via a railway from Cape to Cairo.
France: Wanted to extend its dominion across Central Africa and Sudan/ extend its sphere of influence from West to East Africa.
Hence, Fashoda was a strategically important place.
Marchand (French) sent an expedition of troops in order to fulfil France's expansionist aspirations and occupied an abandoned Egyptian fort in July.
Kitchner (British) was ordered to advance southward from Egypt up the Nile River. They arrived in September.
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The watershed of the Nile and Congo rivers marked the frontier between their respective spheres of influence. (1899)
Though neither Merchand nor Kitchener were ready to give up their claims to the fort, they wished to avoid military engangement as Germany seemed like a larger threat and agreed to have Egyptian, British and French flags flying over the fort.
The French consolidated all their gains west of the watershed, while British position in Egypt was confirmed.
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Suez Crisis (1881)
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In April 1876, Egypt went bankrupt and could no longer pay the interest on the money lent by European investors
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Britain and France (majority shareholder in the Suez Canal Company) took over joint control of Egypt's finances.
In 1881, both powers were challenged by a nationalist uprising led by officers in the Egyptian armies.
France's parliament vetoed the dispatching of French troops, leaving Britain to defeat the uprising.
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British became the masters of Egypt and, despite repeated assurances that they would leave as soon as order had been restored, did not do so.
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ANGLO GERMAN RELATIONS
Kruger Telegram (1896)
Emperor William II sent a message to President Paul Kruger of the South African Republic (Transvaal) congratulating him on repelling the Jameson raid, an attack on the Transvaal from the British-controlled Cape Colony.
The British interpreted this as a sign of German support of Transvaal independence in what was seen as British sphere of influence.
Intention: To demonstrate that the British were diplomatically isolated and, to remedy this, should become friendly with Germany.
Outcome: The telegram aroused the first wave of popular hostility against Germany in Britain in the pre-WW1 period.
Transvaal
South Africa was vital to the security of the British Empire as it lay on the route to India, its most prized possession.
The German annexation of South West Africa (1884) came as a threat to the British who thought that Germans would try to extend their powers eastwards to the borders of the Transvaal by annexing the African kingdoms of Bechuanaland and Matabeleland.
In 1889, the British government gave the right to Rhodes' British South African Company to colonise and govern the whole area north of the Transvaal and between Mozambique, German South West Africa and Angola.
Discovery of Gold
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Over the next 5 years, large numbers of British prospectors and adventurers poured in.
This posed a challenge to the supremacy of teh Boer population and President Paul Kruger began to look to Germany to prevent the absorption of the Transvaal into the British Empire.
By 1894, the economy of Transvaal was dominated by Germans: -German bankers controlled the Transvaal's National Bank.
- Roughly 20% of foreign investment in the state came from Germany.
FRANCO GERMAN RELATIONS
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Bismarck
Bismarck was aware that France would want to seek revenge for the annexation of Alsace Lorraine so, in order to distract them from this, Germany supported France in the Anglo-French quarrel over the Suez Canal.
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