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Retrieval Failure - Coggle Diagram
Retrieval Failure
Godden and Baddeley (1975) - context dependent
To see if people who learn and are tested in the same environment will recall more than those who learn and are tested in different environments
Ppts were divers divided into four groups and given the same list of words to learn
Recall will be better if it happens in the same context
Those in the same context recalled 40% more words
Tulving and Pearlstone (1966) - encoding specificity principle
Memory is most effective is the information at encoding and retrieval is similar
Each ppt had to learn 48 words from 12 different categories
Conditions
Free recall
Cue recall
Free recall recalled 40%, cue recall recalled 60%
AO3
Large amount of research, applicable to everyday life
Smith (1979)
Thinking of the room where the learning took place (mental reinstatement) was as effective
Tulving and Psotka (1971)
Interference effects are due to the absence of cues
Ppts recalled 70% of words regardless of how many they had been given
Ppts asked to learn lists of words
Retrieval failure is a more important explanation of forgetting
Alan Baddeley (1997)
For a cue to be effective it must already be encoded in your memory
Ethel Abernethy (1940) - context dependent
To see if the classroom and instructor affected the performance of students
Students performed best in their usual room with their usual instructor
High achieving students less affected
Goodwin et al. (1969) - state dependent
Mental state can act as cue
Male volunteer ppts
Had to learn a list of words whilst sober or drunk