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Chapter 15 review - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 15 review
15.2
the gradual change in a population through changing environmental pressures can result in speciation
a cline is specific characteristic that can vary across a population. It is dependent on selection pressures and gene flow
speciation can result when a single population separates and the two groups evolve independently so they no longer share the same gene pool
geographical isolates are different populations that are separated from one another by permanent physical geographical barriers
zones of hybridisation are areas in which the habitat of two different populations meet and different populations can interbreed at the border
15.1
random mutations can accumulate as a result of natural selection (microevolution). The accumulation of multiple phenotypic changes over time can lead to speciation (macroevolution)
divergent evolution occurs when a population of interbreeding organisms separates into two or more descendent species as a result of different selection pressures
parallel evolution occurs when two species with recent common ancestor share similar selection pressures and therefore develop similar physical characteristics
coevolution occurs when two species closely interact so that when one species evolves it exerts a selection pressure on the other species to evolve in the same direction
convergent evolution occurs when two different species (with very distant common ancestor) develop similar physical characteristics as a result of similar selection pressures
15.3
allopatric speciation occurs when a population is divided by a permanent barrier. Random mutations and different selection pressures can result in the two group becoming reproductively isolated
parapatric speciation occurs when a population occurs over an area with different environmental conditions. Gene flow across the population slows so that a small subgroup evolves into a new species
sympatric speciation occurs when two groups that share the same habitat become reproductively isolated
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