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Gene Expression - Coggle Diagram
Gene Expression
Mutation
Define Mutation - A change in DNA sequence. It is only heritable if the change occurs in the gametic cells, somatic cell mutations are not heritable. Mutations are caused by mutagens.
Explain How A Mutation Could Be Benficial - A mutation can be benficial as it creates new allels that can be more suited to a specific enviroment.
Subsitution mutation - One base pair in the DNA sequence is changed (or substituted for another base pair)
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Frameshift mutation - When a nucleotide is inserted or deleted, resulting in different grouping of nucleotides into codons from the point of mutation to the end of the chain.
Explain Silent mutations - Code for the same amino acid and have no effect of the forming of the protein. A single nucleotide can change but the new codon specifies the same amino acid, resulting in an unmutated protein.
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DNA
DNA - The genetic code, made up of a sugar, phosphate and nucleotide. It is a double helix, with antiparrallel strands.
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Allele - Alternate forms of a gene, that leads to a different phenotype.
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Connection Between DNA & Protiens - DNA contains the code to make protiens. Through the process of Transcription DNA is converted to mRNA then is sent to the ribosome.
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RNA
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DNA is a double helix because it is made of two strands of nucleotides that look like a twisted ladder, The sides of the ladder are made up of sugar and phosphate molecules. The rungs of the ladder are made up of nitrogenous bases from the two strands that connect with hydrogen bonds. The nitrognous bases are Thymine (T), Cystosine (C), Guanine (G), Adenine (A).
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RNA is a single strand of nucleotides that look like a twisted ladder, The side of the ladder are made up of sugar and phosphate molecules. The rung of the ladder are made up of nitrogenous bases. The bases are Ucracil (U), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), Adenine (A).
Transcription
Why DNA is unzipped - Because if the DNA is not unzipped the DNA code is inessesable and nothing can be done with it.
Completentary Base Pairing - Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C). In RNA Uracil (U),
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Explain How The Coding Strand Is Formed - the coding strand is formed when the DNA is unzipped and the coding strand is the same as the mRNA strand.
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