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Confusion - Coggle Diagram
Confusion
Important Assessments:
Collect information about patient functioning, including social situation, physical condition, and psychological functioning.
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Review responses to diagnostic examinations (e.g., memory impairments, reality orientation, attention span, calculations).
Communicate with family members or significant others regarding the progression of the problem, prognosis, and other concerns.
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Assess the patient for signs of depression: insomnia, poor appetite, flat affect, and withdrawn behavior.
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Determine the patient’s anxiety level in connection with the situation. Observe behavior that may be suggestive of a potential for violence.
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Pathophysiology
Acute Confusion: Abrupt onset of a cluster of global, transient changes and disturbances in attention, cognition, psychomotor activity, level of consciousness, or the sleep/wake cycle.
Risk Factors:
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Alcohol abuse, drug abuse
Delirium [including febrile epilepticum (following or instead of an epileptic attack), toxic and traumatic]
Characteristics:
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Fluctuation in psychomotor activity (tremors, body movement)
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Chronic confusion, in contrast, is a long-term, progressive, and possibly degenerative process and occurs over months or years.
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Medications
Doctors will need to figure out the health problem that’s causing the symptoms. They’ll do an exam and may run blood tests, X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs. They’ll also ask questions about the person’s:
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The treatment for confusion depends on its cause, so the doctor may perform several tests, such as:
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Nursing Interventions
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Talk to the patient using simple, concrete nouns in positive terms.
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Keep the environment quiet and nonstimulating; avoid using buzzers and alarms if possible. Reduce sights and sounds that have a high potential for misinterpretation such as buzzers, alarms, and overhead paging systems.
Approach patient with a caring, friendly, and accepting attitude and talk calmly and slowly.
Maintain routines of care through established mealtimes, bathing, and sleeping schedules
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Patient Education: :
Encourage family/SO(s) to participate in reorientation as well as providing ongoing input (e.g., current news and family happenings).
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