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Causes of Mexican Revolution, Oliver, Marina Carlos and Virginia - Coggle…
Causes of Mexican Revolution
Nationalism
Widespread belief that Mexico should be for Mexicans
Labor strikes ignited by the belief that Mexicans deserved to work in their country more than foreigners
Money being taken out of Mexico into foreign countries
During the strike of Cananea, workers marched the streets of Cananea waving Mexican flags, a symbol of nationalism.
As the Revolution was breaking out, there was a fear that the fighting would go into the United States and cause Americans to interfere. They did not want this to happen due to a strong sense of nationalism.
US Imperialism
Americans owned 3/4 of the Mexican mines
Americans owned companies
Americans abused and took advantage of their workers
Made workers work long hours for little pay
Diaz gave land and oil companies to foreigners
The land was taken away from indigenous people
Americans owned 1/2 of Mexico's oil
U.S. intervention in Mexican affairs
Arizona Rangers fired on Mexican strikers during Cananea Mine Strike (1905)
Arizona Rangers were an American militia group and Diaz ended up siding against the Mexicans
The workers were upset about being exploited and that Diaz sided against them.
Labor Problems
Bad working conditions
Americans earned 2x as much as Mexicans
Americans were promoted, not Mexicans
12 hour work day
The average daily wage remained the same, yet in the same 100-year-period, prices rose
Cananea Mine Strike (1905)
Workers wanted 75% of employees to be Mexican
20-30 workers were killed during the strike
People were outraged that Diaz could not control domestic affairs
Workers wanted better working conditions.
Rio Blanco Textile Mills (1906)
Violence erupted at company store when wives were refused credit for food
Backup arrived and shot into crowd
Led to criticism of Diaz, since he sided with the textile owners and poorly handled the situation.
Social Inequities
Tienda de Rayas
Prices were higher than those of neighboring villages
Often payed solely with discs, redeemable only at Tienda de Raya
Whatever they bought was charge against their account
Sometimes had to pay a monthly fee for the privilege of using the Tined de Raya
There was often dishonest record keeping in the Tined de Raya
Poor Diet
Mainly starches and a lack of clean water
Sexual Violations by Hacendados
Debt Peonage
Péones never had more money than they owed
Debt passed onto children; did not die alongside him
Native Policy
Native languages erased, forced to assimilate into spanish-speaking culture
Continually antagonized by cientificos
The policies which were created were extremely elitist, never benefiting the péones
The policies were made to benefit the wealthy people (
hacendados
and
caudillos
)
Repression of Mexican Citizens
Diaz took away native land, gave it to foreigners
Diaz silenced the press and anyone who spoke out against him
Cientifico's Policies
Diaz's advisors were pro-investment, racist, and wanted to generate profits for American profit.
US had dollar diplomacy.
Jose Limantour was the secretary of finance, and believed in Darwinism and natural selection when it came to the native Mexicans.
Francisco Bulnes was a prolific historian and apologist , who thought 5 million Argentinians were worth more than 14 million Mexicans.
He believed their inferiority was caused by a deficient diet which sapped their mental, moral, and physical strength.
Justo Sierra was the co-founder of "La Libertad". He believed social and cultural forces had shaped the Native Mexican's "inferior" position.
Lack of Opportunity
Lack of education for rural people (schools located in cities)
High Illiteracy rates (more than 85%)
Elections were manipulated
Military officers dominated state governorships and represented among 300
jefes politicos
.
The justice was administered by the "majordomo"
The eijidos had no judicial rights or legal recourse
Indebted péones could not be hired
There was a huge distribution of wealth gap, which continued to worsen.
There was no freedom of the press.
Land Appropriation
Land Law (1883)
Hacendados could seize land easily from ejidos
The Land Law encouraged the colonization of rural Mexico
Since Ejidos could not prove their legal right to their land, they ended up losing it
They were often manipulated due to their illiteracy.
When no lands were available, hacendados choked off villages and seized them.
Lots of land went to small group of wealthiest families
Would inbreed and marry into other rich families to accumulate and maintain land and power
Terrazas-Clan
Don Luis Terrazas had the largest hacendado in Mexico
Oliver, Marina Carlos and Virginia