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Macromolecules - Coggle Diagram
Macromolecules
Proteins
Uses and Functions
- Cell Signaling- hormones
- Structural Support- nails, hair, muscle
- Transport- channels, pumps, and carrier molecules
- Immune System- antibodies that bind to pathogens
- Enzymes- aid in functional support such as digestion
Basic Sub-Unit(Monomer)
Subunit; Amino Acid
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Amino Group
a nitrogen atom attached by single bonds to hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups , aryl groups , or a combination of these three.
Carboxyl Group
a carbon atom that's double-bonded to an oxygen atom and singly bonded to a hydroxyl group
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Peptide Bonding
chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water
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Nucleic Acids
Uses and Functions
- Storage and expression of genetic information
- Can serve as a messenger
- Helps in the assembly process of proteins
Sub-Unit(Monomer)
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Nitrogen Base
adenine, uracil, guanine, thymine, and cytosine.
Distinction between RNA and DNA
DNA has the sugar deoxyribose while RNA has the sugar ribose.
DNA is double-stranded while RNA is single-stranded.
DNA is stable under alkaline conditions while RNA is not.
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Types of Nucleic Acids
RNA
RNA consists of four nitrogenous bases: adenine, cytosine, uracil, and guanine. The sugar in RNA is ribose
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DNA
DNA consists of four types of nitrogen bases are adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose.
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Carbohydrates
Uses and Functions
- Providing energy and regulation of blood glucose.
- Sparing the use of proteins for energy.
- Breakdown of fatty acids and preventing ketosis.
4.Flavor and Sweeteners.
The Basic Sub-Unit of Carbohydrates are Monosaccharides. They contain from 3 to 7 carbons and have the general formula of (CH2O)n.
Types of Carbohydrates.
Three main carbohydrates are sugar, starches and fiber. Some examples of carbohydrates are Brown sugar, Milk (or milk products), Honey, Fruits, and Vegetables.
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The elements found in carbohydrates are Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. The ratio of Carbohydrates is 1:2:1 because of the Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Carbon atoms combined together.
lipids
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Basic Components of Lipids
A lipid consists of a glycerol molecule which is bonded to three long fatty acid chain. The chains may be saturated or unsaturated. When glycogen binds with three fatty acid three water molecules are given out
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fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids. Fats are a stored form of energy and are also known as triacylglycerols or triglycerides. Fats are made up of fatty acids and either glycerol or sphingosine.
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