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Purification Techniques CHEM241-07B - Coggle Diagram
Purification Techniques CHEM241-07B
Crystallization
https://youtu.be/FggvNDlkJxo
Cons: Purifys only one compound,
yield is limited, and has complex kinetics
Pros: Inexpensive if solvent is water
The technique is used to purify organic solid compounds. The compound and the impurities have different solubilities in a solvent. A solvent is chosen where the compound to be purified is sparingly soluble. Heating the solution then created a saturated solution, and on cooling the crystals of the compound are removed by filtration.
Overview of Steps: 1. Choose solvent 2. Dissolve solute by heat 3. Rapid filtration to remove impurities 4. Crystallize the hot saturated solution 5. Filter the crystals and air dry 7. Weigh
Column Chromatography
Pros: Low cost, mobile phase
Cons: time consuming, collecting of different fractions done with room for human error
The technique is used to separate mixtures of compounds based on their differences in their polarities and their affinities for a stationary phase and mobile phase
https://youtu.be/2R2iq_XR1IY
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Purpose: Seperation of mixtures
Distillation
Cons: Harder to do for liquids with not significantly different boiling points without fractioning column
The technique can be used to remove a volatile solvent from nonvolatile products; to separate a volatile product from nonvolatile impurities; or to separate two or more volatile products that have sufficiently different boiling points
Pros: Simple inexpensive process
Two Types: Microscale Simple and Fractional
Purpose: To purify and identify organic liquid compounds. Separate compounds based on differences in their boiling points.
Video Link:
https://youtu.be/Vz2la3947I0
Extraction
Pros: can target in water, which is cheap
Cons: Easy to accidentally let some of the organic layer into the aqueous layer collected.
The immiscible liquids are taken in a separating funnel and left undisturbed. After a while, they separate out according to their specific gravities, with the heavier liquid at the bottom. Then they are later collected.
https://youtu.be/NgsuPTLkPgs
Purpose: To isolate compounds. The pulling out of a substance from one liquid by another liquid. The liquids must be immiscible or insoluble in each other.
Micro/Macro Scale Extractions