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Purification Techniques CHEM241-06B - Coggle Diagram
Purification Techniques CHEM241-06B
Column Chromatography
Used to separate compounds from complex mixtures.
It has a mobile phase and a stationary phase.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yig3QCfBTzc&list=PLybg94GvOJ9GtvOUYLW601u1Oiaoat2UF&index=65
Pros
Easily separates very complex mixtures
Separated analytes are reusable.
Cons
It is very time consuming.
Not very effective at separating.
Distillation
Separates compounds based on differences in their boiling points
Simple
Effective for separating two liquids based on their volatility (boiling points differ by 100°C or more)
Separated in one vaporization
Pros
Simpler setup
Consumes less energy than fractional
Cons
Requires boiling points to have large boiling point differences
Only works well with relatively pure liquids
Fractional
A process that has the effect of many simple distillations.
A column packed with glass beads or metal turnings is used.
Pros
Higher number of theoretical plates allows for separation of liquids with closer boiling points
Can purify more complex mixtures than simple distillation
Cons
May take longer than simple
Has longer setup
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vz2la3947I0
Extraction
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N96JaRnE7n0&list=PLybg94GvOJ9GtvOUYLW601u1Oiaoat2UF&index=63
Process of creating two distinct liquid layers and then physically separating them with a pipet.
Can be used on a micro or macro scale
Pros
Very fast
Easy to distinguish the organic layer from the aqueous layer.
Easy to do and to understand.
Cons
Not most effective because there is a high likelihood of not collecting all of the layer when separating. So product might have impurities.
Lots of room for human error.
Crystallization
Used to purify organic solid compounds by dissolving them in a hot solution to remove impurities, boiling the liquid, and then cooling the product to collect the separated compound.
Pros
It can be very successful in one step
It requires less energy than distillation.
The product is a solid which is easier to weigh and reuse.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=04HWovMzkAk&list=PLybg94GvOJ9GtvOUYLW601u1Oiaoat2UF&index=67
Cons
There could be a loss of mass remaining in the liquid.
Can be time consuming waiting for the compounds to cool.
Only suitable certain compounds that meet the criteria.