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Major Concepts - Coggle Diagram
Major Concepts
major concepts
pharmacodynamics
how a drug acts on an animal
antimicrobials
villians
gram +
mycobacteria
slow growing
gram -
targets
aa and nucleotide synthesis
DNA integrity
transcription
mRNA translation
structural integrity
post-antibiotic effect
persistent suppression of bacterial growth
unknown cause
microbial injury?
persistent binding?
different drug classes have different PAE
selective toxicity
targets unique characteristics (specificity)
high margin of safety
effective [drug] at site of infection
lower selectivity drug exampless
amikacin
gram - cidal
amphotericin B
fungicidal
tilmicosin
gram + static
some gram - bacteria
minimum inhibitory concentration
a.k.a
MIC
MIC90
amt needed to kill 90% of >30 isolates of specific strain
MIC 50
amt needed to kill half
AUC
"area under curve"
[drug] vs time curve
t 1/2 = half life of drug
Cmax
peak [drug] achieved in blood
relates to intensity of side effects
Cmax/MIC ratio
8-12 ideal
aminoglycosides
fluoroquiniolones
metronidazole
estimates clinical response with minimal development of resistance
AUC/MIC
best for slow growing bactreeria
best for drugs with longer PAE
24 hr AUC/MIC is correalted with clinical efficacy
T > MIC
% time [plasma drug] is above MIC
40-50% = good response
for short t 1/2
exs.
potentiated sulfas
beta-lactams
chloramphenicol
tetracycline
macrolides
lincosamides
lowest [drug] that inhibits microbial growth in an isolate overnight.
-static
arrest cell growth
slow multiplication rate
ex. tetracycline
isolates can vary in drug sensitivity
mean MIC + range of concentrations are most useful (standardized)
helps predict drug resistance development
minimum bactericidal concentration
-cidal
reduce pathogen pop.
ex. penicillin
kill pathogen
to qualify: ratio of MBC/MIC < 4
a.k.a.
MBC
commensals
dysbiosis
cephalosporins
penicillin
clindamycine
tylosin
drug types
antimicrobial
antifungal drugs
antibacterial drugs
actions
kill pathogens
concerns for microbiota/commensals
arrest pathogens in growth
work w host immunity to reduce #s @ infection sites
combining drugs
-static + -cidal
slow growing bacteria are less sensitive to antimicrobial drugs
-cidal drug can be rendered useless if there are no newly dividing cells
-cidal + -cidal
synergistic
antiparasitic drugs
antiprotozoal
anthelmintic
antiviral
uncommon in vet med
antineoplastic
dosing
amount
interval
variability
