Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Media Studies: Audience and Industry - Coggle Diagram
Media Studies: Audience and Industry
List of Ways of Watching Films:
Online Streaming
Ipad/Ipod/Iphone etc.
PC/Laptop
DVD
CD
Blue Ray
Kindle
Television (TV)
VHS tape
Cinema
Super 8mm
Terminology
Cross-Media Convergence
A company producing more than one kind of media
Viral Marketing
Using online content to spread information - this is usually done by the audience rather than the institution
Revenue Streams
Merchandise and other items that carry the name of the text and make money for the institutions
Vertical Integration
One company having an interest in more than one stage of a text's life
Synergy
Initiations working together to produce texts and content
Horizontal Integration
An institution owning several examples of one type of media
Institution
Companies who produce media texts
New Media Technology
Any developing technology, usually digital, that seeks to enhance the audience experience
Technological Convergence
One piece of technology (hardware) that performs multiple functions
Social Networking
Connecting to others online, usually through dedicated sites
Audience
The people who a text is aimed at
Production
The process of making a text
Marketing
The process of advertising a text
Production
Aspects of Film Production
Actors/Cast
Production Team
Visual/Practical Effects
Camera men
Editing
Story/Script Writers
Director
Distribution/Presentation
Marketing/Promotion/Advertisement
Terminology (P.2)
Distribution
How a text gets to its audience
Exchange
The point whereby an audience can access a text
Conglomerate
A large institution that owns a range of smaller institutions (e.g. Disney)
Demographic
A specific group of the audience based on factors such as age, gender, location, lifestyle etc.
Parent Company
A large company that owns a subsidiary
Subsidiary
A smaller company that is owned by a parent company
Freemium
A game (usually app-based) that is initially free but extra features can be purchased to extend the life of the game (e.g. Fortnite)
In-app purchasing
A process whereby downloadable content can be accessed through the game, for a fee
Simultaneous Distribution
Releasing a text on multiple platforms
Micropayments
A micropayment is a financial transaction involving a very small sum of money and usually one that occurs online
Kickstarter/Crowdfunding
Crowdfunding is the practice of funding a project or venture by raising monetary contributions from a large number of people, typically via the internet
Proliferation
A rapid increase in the number or amount of something
Downloadable content
Digital information that can be accessed online to expand the functions of a game
Web 2.0
A concept whereby the functionality and interactivity of the web has increased due to high speed broadband and developing technology
The audience are encouraged to produce their own content and upload online (e.g. YouTube)
Above the line advertising
Advertising material that is paid for - trailers, TV and radio spots, billboards and posters etc. Most traditional marketing strategies follow this model
Below the line advertising
Advertising that is not directly paid for but still promotes a text - interviews with actors on chat shows, reviews in magazines, word of mouth etc.
Case Studies
Walt Disney - The Jungle Book (2016)
https://www.inquisitr.com/3011048/jungle-books-clever-marketing-tactics-that-caused-it-to-be-the-second-highest-weekend-grosser-ever/
Second highest-grossing movie in April
49% were over 25 while 51% were under 25
Audiences in the age group of 18 to 24 led to 33 per cent of ticket sales
The movie scored a 95 per cent positive rating on Rotten Tomatoes and an “A” audience grade on Cinema Score
Jon Favreau showed sneak-peek footage of the Jungle Book at a 7,800-seat arena at a Disney fan convention in Anaheim, California, where thousands of posters were distributed
Disney’s marketers targeted the Hispanic audience by teaming with Univision, the American Spanish-language TV network, for a five-week stint that brought Jungle Book characters and clips to various shows and sports telecasts.
An extended 3D trailer for Jungle Book was played during the showing of Star Wars: The Force Awakens, of which the majority of the audience was male
The animal characters were deliberately created with a realistic look, and not in a cute and cuddly cartoon-style as with the original animated Jungle Book film, in order to target older moviegoers.
To increase the appeal to adults, Disney circulated dramatic photographs that paired voice actors with their onscreen characters.
Disney theme park theatres in Florida and California offered sneak-peek previews, with several theme park stores selling Jungle Book merchandise before the film had even been released. And Disney even exhibited photogenic Jungle Book sand sculptures at its theme parks in Florida.
2016 and 2017: Disney as Number one Distributor (£301m UK theatrical revenue)
John Favreau produced and directed - Iron Man (1,2,3), The Avengers, Avengers: Age of Ultron. Directed Links/experience with non realist, fantasy high production value film genres.
Just under blockbuster budget at $177m.
Synergy - linking with original soundtrack/theme parks.
High production values incl. CGI and soundtrack.
Star Marketing - Scarlett Johansson et al voice over.
Wide/saturating distribution by one of The Big Five. Synergy with other Disney blockbusters.
Commercial success - homage to 1967 film.
Safe genre, simplistic emotive narrative -focus on entertainment values e.g. IMAX, 3D availability.
https://www.theguardian.com/film/2020/jul/12/the-future-of-film-can-cinema-survive-covid-19
Cinemas were told they could open on the 4th of July in 2020
Skyfall and Specter together grossed 2billion
30 - 50 million was spent to move the release date for No Time to Die
Disney + increased by 50 million users during the covid period
The first film company to suggest to use simultaneous distribution was Universal, which was unpopular with other film companies
The normal length of time between the movie being released in cinema to being released as a physical copy/digital streaming platforms was 6 weeks.
STAR POWER:
Dyer defines one of the key factors in stardom as being 'charisma', a quality which marks starts as being 'special' and therefore differentiates them from ordinary members of the audience.
Dyer adopts a system by which film stars can be assigned to a particular archetype:
'The Good Joe' - Tom Holland (Spiderman)
'The Tough Guy' - Dwayne Johnson (Jumanji)
'The Pin-Up' - Any Bond Girl
'The Rebel' - Harrison Ford (SW a new hope)
'The Independent Women' - Brie Larson (Captain Marvel)
More Terminology
Independent film - Independent films are sometimes distinguishable by their content and style and the way in which the filmmakers' personal artistic vision is realised and are not done to make a profit.
Mainstream Film - Mainstream movies can be defined as movies that cost much to make and are created for profit (Hollywood, Bollywood).