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What is Statistics: Statistics is the science that studies data sets and
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What is Statistics: Statistics is the science that studies data sets and
its interpretation in mathematical terms
Applications of Statistics: Statistics is a powerful auxiliary to many human sciences and activities: sociology, psychology, human geography, economics, and so on.
Statistics Divisions
Descriptive Statistics: Those methods that include the collection, presentation and characterization of a set of data in order to properly describe the various characteristics of that set.
Inductive Statistics or Statistical Inference: Those methods that make it possible to estimate a characteristic of a population or to make a decision regarding a population based only on the results of a sample.
Tables: Data can be collected in various ways: questionnaires, samplings,
censuses, observations, and so on.
Histograms: Histograms are vertical bar diagrams in which bars are constructed
rectangular at the boundaries of each class.
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Bar charts: In the bar chart, each category is described by a bar, whose length
represents the frequency or percentage of observations that fall into a category.
Pie Chart: A pie or pie chart is a circle divided into parts that represent the
relative frequency or percentage of the different categories.
Definition of Measures of Central Tendency: One of the most outstanding characteristics of the data distribution is its
tendency to accumulate towards the center of it
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Basic concepts
Population: It is the set of all the elements that meet certain properties and among which you want to study a certain phenomenon
Sample: It is the subset of the population that is studied and from which conclusions are drawn about the characteristics of the population.
Individual: Each of the elements of the sample or of the population (people, screws, hospitals, shops) and on which the observation will fall.
Variable: Each of the traits or characteristics of the elements of a population and that vary from one individual to another (salary, eye color, sex, number of children).
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Mean or Average: The mean is an average. It is calculated by adding all the data and then dividing the
total between the number of data involved.
Median: It is the average value of an ordered sequence of data. If there are no ties, half of
the observations will be less and the other half will be greater.
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