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development of neural system, pharyngeal arch primary muscle group,…
development of neural system
neuralize ectoderm (neuroectoderm)
neural plate (above notochord) (day 18)
neural fold (first at fifth somite) (at start of Week 4)
neural groove (day 20)
neural tube (primary neuraltion)
spinal cord
spinal cord
rostral side
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spinal cord
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anterior(cranial) neuropore (closure at day 25)
lamina terminalis (superior roof of 3rd ventricle)
posterior(caudal) neuropore (closure at day 28)
end of upper lumbar spinal cord
neural crest cells (at lateral border)
epithelial to mesenchymal transition
leave neural ectoderm (after neural closure)
enter ectoderm (after neural closure)
melanocytes in skin
enter mesoderm (after neural closure)
to anterior sides of somites
adrenal medulla (chromaffin cells)
sensory ganglia (dorsal root ganglia)
Schwann cells
sympathetic ganglia
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parasympathetic ganglia
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satellite cells
pia+arachonoid cells (leptomenigenes)
leave cranial neural folds (before neural closure)
pharyngeal arches
craniofacial skeleton
cranial ganglia
cranial glial cells
smooth muscle cells
ciliary + pupillary muscles
blood vessles of cranial region
odontoblast (dentin forming cells)
parafollicular cells (parathroid)
calcitonin-producing C-cells
aorticopulmonary septum
part of interventricular spetum
boundaries between epidermis and neuroectoderm is established via BMP4 concentration
intermediate BMP concentration+FGF+WNT induce PAX3 to specify neural plate broder
pharyngeal arch primary muscle group
facial expression muscle (CN VII)
primarily arch 2
pharynx + larynx muscle (CN IX,X)
muscle of masstification (CN V)
primarily arch 1
histogenesis of neural tube
neuroectoderm (wall of neural tube)
glioblast
oligodendroblast
oligodendrocyte
myelin sheath of PNS
astroblast
fibrous astrocyte (white matter)
protoplasmic astrocyte (gray matter)
radial glial cells
assist neuron movement in cerebral development
neuroblast
apolarneuroblast
bipolar neuroblast
unipolar neurons
+axon (first process)
afferent neurons
spilting process
pseudounipolar neurons
+dendrites
multipolar neurons
efferent neurons
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bipolar neurons in specific sensors
bipolar neurons in retina
neurons in trochlea
neurons in olfactory epithelium
neurons in vestibular system
ependymal cells (internal lining of CNS)
+nearby arteries
choroid plexus + choroid epithelium (covering)
ependymal cells (internal lining of CNS)
tanycyte (3th ventricle)
surrounding messenchyme
blood cell development
microglial cell
mesodermal caudal eminence (day 20- day 42)
cell mass caudal to original neural tube
enlargement+cavitates
sacrococcygeal segement of spinal cord
-----sulcus limitans----- extend to rostral midbrain
disappear at adult
rhomboid fossa in brainstem
oral ectoderm
roof of stomodeum
hypophysial diverticulum (Rathke's pouch)
regressing stalk
adenophysis (glandular section of pituitary gland)
sections
pars distalis (anterior lobe)
pars tuberalis
pars intermedia
first fold at 4th-6th pair of somite level
(BBB of CNS)
(dura mater->from mesoderm)
(note: specficically means poostsynaptic cell)
(week 4)
------cervical flexure-----
-----cephalic/mesencephalic/midbrain flexure-----
-----telencephalic flexure-----
-----pontine flexure-----
(also neuroblast layer)
(week 8: connects with PNS nerve fibers)
(week 20-age 1) myelination of fiber tract
each section forms nuclei in CNS