Ⅰ. 主詞+動詞
- 副詞、介系詞短語、副詞短語
→修飾用(可有可無，句子前後都可插入。)
(Once upon a time,) a pretty girl lived (in the woods) (with her family).
Ⅱ. 主詞+動詞+補充語
(補充主詞)
- 補充語由名詞、形容詞構成。
⑴ be動詞表「是」及become：
ex: I am a doctor.
★ be動詞表「存在、有」時，不需SC。
ex: God is everywhere. (不用SC，屬第Ⅰ類。)
ex: The girl is in the kitchen. (S+V+介短，屬第Ⅰ類。)
⑵ 感官動詞：後面必接adj.
→ look、sound、smell、taste、feel、turn、seem
ex: You look beautiful.
Ⅲ. 主詞+動詞+受詞
- 只有名詞(代名詞)可做受詞。
ex: You want happy. (X) → You want happiness. (O)
ex: She resembles with my mother. (X) → She resembles my mother. (O)
→ with my mother為副詞短語(介+名)，resemble後面應直接接受詞(名詞)。
Ⅳ. 主詞+動詞+間受(人)+主受(物)
- 第Ⅳ類轉第Ⅲ類：
ex: I gave him money. → I gave money to him.
- 使用for的動詞：
Make, Buy (Build), Cook (Choose), Get, Order, Leave, Find
ex: I cooked him soup. → I cooked soup for him.
- ask是唯一用of的動詞：
ex: May I ask you a favor？ → May I ask a favor of you？
Ⅴ. 主詞+動詞+受詞+補充語
(補充受詞)
- 只有名詞(代名詞)、形容詞可作補充語：
ex: The audience found the drummer's shots fun.
→此處fun是當形容詞補充說明the drummer's shouts。
- 感官動詞：受詞補語可用原V(Ving)
ex: I saw her clean(ing) the room.
- 使役動詞：受詞補語可原V(不可用Ving)
ex: My dad had me clean the car. - have：當受詞和受詞補語是主動關係時且正在進行時：
ex: I had a kite flying high in the sky. - 例外：get(to+原V)、help(原V)
ex: My mom got me to clean my room.
ex: The teahcer helped me study English.