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Chapter 10 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 10
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H bond or H bridge
Occurs when H is bounded to N, O or F (very En and with many lone pairs)
---F: --- H-O
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H2O features:
- great solvent
- density difference of states (V(s) >> V(l))
- high specific heat capacity
- high surface tension and capillarity
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Surface tension (tendency of a liquid to minimize the molecules on the surface)
characterizes also the shape of a droplet.
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Enthalpy
thermodynamic property of a system, it is the heat tranferred during a reversible process in a close system and at constant P.
specific heat capacity: is the heat required to raise of 1K a unit mass of a substance (related to intermol. forces)
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Polarizability
capability of an e- cloud to be distorted or deformed, by and electrical field
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Liquid-gas equilibrium:
saturated vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by the gas phase onto its liquid phase at equilibrium (related to intermol. forces)
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Melting and Boiling point are functions of Z, also Pauli repulsion and London forces play a role and even the molecular shape can make the difference.
- e.g. hydrocarbons: the longer and linear is the molecule, the stronger the attraction forces (C20H42 is a solid)
The Clausius-Clapeyron equation:
ln(P) = (- dHvap / R) (1/ T) + C
<===>
P = C e^(- dHvap / RT )
ln (P2 / P1) = (- dHvap / R) * (1 / T2 - 1 / T1)