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Chapter 9, pV = nRT, Van der Waals equation for real gases
(P + n^2a /…
Chapter 9
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Features of Gases:
- volume changes with Pressure
- volume changes with Temperature
- low density
- low viscosity
- gases always miscible in any proportion
- Ideal gases equation: pV = nRT
Pressure:
1 atm = 760 mmHg = 1.013*10^5 Pa = 1,013 bar
Perfect gas particles have only mass, no volume (like a gas at High T and Low p)
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pV = nRT
Boyle's Law (T, n = cost.)
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Charles' Law (p, n = cost.)
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Gay-Lussac's Law (V, n = cost.)
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R perfect gas constant:
- 0.0821 atm L mol^-1 * K^-1
- 8.314 J Pa mol^-1 * K^-1
- 1.987 cal Pa mol^-1 * K^-1
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Avogadro Principle (valid at constant T and p):
v ∝ n
Na = 6,022*10^23
1 mol of any gas at STP (273K, 1atm):
V = 22.414L
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At low T and high P, attractions must be taken into account
indeed:
- gas do occupie a volume
- gas do exert forces
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