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Interviews and questionnaires - Coggle Diagram
Interviews and questionnaires
Interviews
Face-to-face, real-time contact. Can take place over the phone or via text
Structured Interviews
Interviewer reads out a list of prepared questions Follow-up questions may also be prepared beforehand
Unstructured Interviews
Interviewer has a general aim, but few if any questions are prepared in advance New questions based on previous answers
Semi-Structured interviews
some questions decide in advance. Follow-up questions emerge from the answers
Evaluation
Insight can be gained into thoughts and feelings Observations only show what people do interviews and questionnaires) provide a different perspective
Data can be difficult to analyse. This is because of the breadth of information collected Clear conclusions difficult
Interviews produce a lot of information from each person Especially true of unstructured interviews Means that unexpected results may occur
People are less comfortable giving personal information face-to-face Especially if questions are on a sensitive topic. Limits information collected
Questionnaires
A prepared list of written questions which can be completed face-to-face or in writing over the phone or on the internet
Open and Closed Questionnaires
Open questions tend to produce qualitative data as participants can answer them how they wish
Closed questions produce quantitative data fixed range of possible answers, e.g yes or no
Evaluation
Data tends to be easier to analyse than interviews. This is when closed questions are used. Easier to draw conclusions.
Respondents may not give truthful answers This social desirability bias affects validity of responses Reduces validity of data collected.
Researcher gets information from lots of people relatively quickly. This is because a questionnaire can be sent to many people. So generalisations easier to make
Questions may be unclear or leading. This makes it difficult to answer questions. So participants responses may lack validity.