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Behind the Scenes : Networking and Security in the Business World - Coggle…
Behind the Scenes : Networking and Security in the Business World
Network Adapters and Navigation Devices
Objective 12.8
Define MAC addresses, and explain how they are used to move data around a network
Each network adapter has a physical address, like a serial number on an appliance.
This address is called a
media access control (MAC) address
, and it's made up of six
Two position characters, such as first three 01:40:87:44:79:A5. (Don't confuse this MAC with Apple computers of the name.)
The first three sets of characters (in this case, 01:40:97) specify the manufacturer of the network adapter, and the second set of characters (in this case, 44:79:A5) makes up a unique address.
Because all MAC addresses must be unique, there is an IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics) committee responsible for allocating block of numbers to network adapter manufacturers
Objective 12.9
List the various network navigation devices, and explain how they help route data through network
Switches
: Switches are used to send data on specific route through the network. A switch makes decisions, based on the MAC address of the data, as to where the data is to be sent and rebroadcasts it to the appropriate network node
Bridge
: Device that's used to send data between different collision domains, depending on where recipient device is located
Router
: Designed to send information between two network. To accomplish this, the router must look at higher level network addresses (such as IP addresses), not MAC addresses. When the router notices data with an address that doesn't belong to the device on the network from which it originated, it sends the data to another network to which it is attached or out to the internet
Objective 12.7
Describe how network adapters help data more around a network
Network adapters are devices that perform specific tasks to enable nodes to communicate on a network.
Network adapters are installed inside computers and peripherals.
These adapters are referred to as *network interface cards (NICs).
Most NICs are now integrated into the motherboard of the computing device
Transmission Media
Objective 12.6
*describe the types of wired and wireless transmission media used in networks
Coaxial Cable
Fiber-Optic Cable
Twisted-Pair Cable
Client/Server Network Basic
Obejctive 12.2
Explain the differences between a client/server network and a peer to peer network.
Client/servers networks
The main advantage of a client/server relationship is that it makes data flow more efficiently than in P2P networks.
Servers can respond to requests from many clients at the same time
In addition, servers can be configured to perform specific tasks, such as handling e-mail or database requests, efficiently
Peer to peer network
Become more difficult to administer when they're expanded beyond 10 users. Each computer may require updating if there are changes to network, which isn't efficient with large numbers of computers. And as noted previously, security can't be implemented centrally on a P2P network but instead must be handled by each user.
Objective 12.3
Describe the common types of client/server network as well other network business use
HAN (Home Are Network) :
A type of small LAN installed in a home. Not usually deployed by business, except small home-based businesses.
WAN (Wide Are Network) :
Two or more LAN's connected together, often over long distances. Connecting business LAN's over long distances such as between branches in two cities.
LAN (Local Area Network) :
A network consisting nodes covering a small geographical area. In small business (such as one more floors of the same office building).
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) :
WAN's constructed by municipalities to provide connectivity in specific geographical area. Although not deployed by businesses, employees often use them while travelling.
PAN (Personal Area Network) :
Devices used by one person connected via wireless media. Usually by employees traveling on a business
Obecktive 12.1
List the advantages for businesses of installing a network.
Network facilitate knowledge sharing
The databases you learned about in chapter 11 become especially powerful when deployed on a network.
Network database can serve the needs of many people at one time and can increase the availability of data
Your college's databases are much more useful when all college employees can look up student records at the same time.
Networks enable software sharing
Installing a new version of software on everyone's desktop in a business with a 800 employees can be time-consuming.
However, if the computer are networked, all employees can access the same copy of a program from the server.
Although, the business must still purchase a software license for each user, with a network it can avoid having to install the program on every computer.
Networks enable expensive resources to be shared.
Networks enable people to share peripherals such as printers or share resources such as internet connection.
Without a network, each computer would have to be individually connected to the printer and the internet.
Attaching the computers to a network avoids the cost of providing each computer with dup;icate resources.
Networks enable enhanced communication
Social networking tools, email, and instant messaging are powerful applications when deployed on a network, especially on that's connected to the internet.
Business colleagues can easily exchange information with each other and share valuable data by transferring files to other users.
Servers and Network Topologies
Objective 12.4
List the common types of servers found on client/server networks.
Authentication Servers :
Keep track of users logged onto the network
File Servers :
Store and manage files for network users
Database Servers :
Provide client computers with database access
Application Servers :
Serve as repository for application software
Web/Cloud Servers :
Host websites to make them available through the internet
Print Servers :
Manage all printing jobs for client computers
E-mail Servers :
Process and deliver incoming and outgoing e-mail
Communications Servers :
Handle all communications between the network and other networks
Objective 12.5
Decribe the common types of network topologies and the advantages and disadvantages of each one.
Ring Topology
Advantages
Allocates access to the network fairly
Performance remains acceptable even with many users
Disadvantages
Adding/removing nodes disable the network
Failure of one node can bring down the network.
Problems data in transmission can be difficult to find
Star Topology
Advantages
Failure of one node doesn't affect other nodes on the network
Centralized design simplifies troubleshooting and repairs.
High scalability : Adding computer is easy
Performance remains acceptable even with many users
Disadvantages
Require more cable (and possibly higher installation costs) than a bus and ring topology
The switch is a single point of failure, if it fails, all computers connected to it are affected
Bus Topology
Advantages
Uses a minimal amount of cable.
Installation is easy, reliable, and inexpensive
Disadvantages
Breaks in the cable can disable the network
Large numbers of users decrease performance because of high volumes of data traffic
Network Operating Systems and Network Security
Objective 12.10
*Explain why network operating systems are necessary for networks to function
NOS
: The NOS provides a set of common rules (a protocol) that control communication among devices on the network. modern operating systems, such as Windows and macOS, include NOS client software as part of the basic installation. However, large networks, such as those found in businesses, require more sophisticated NOS server software
Objective 12.11
* List major security threats to networks, and explain how network administrators mitigate these threats
Human errors and mistakes
: Everyone makes mistakes. For example, a member of the computer support staff could mistakenly install an old database on top of the current one. Even physical accidents fall into this category; for example, someone could lose control of a car and drive it through the wall of the main data center
Malicious human activity
: Malicious actions can be perpetrated by current employees, former employees, or third parties. For example, a disgruntled employee could introduce a virus to network or a hacker could break into the student database server to steal credit card records
Natural events and disasters
: Such as floods and fires - are beyond human control. All can lead to the inadvertent destruction of data