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Impact of New Deal on ethnic minorities - Coggle Diagram
Impact of New Deal on ethnic minorities
Impact on black Americans
Poor black Americans received very little aid in AAA
Cotton section was handled by Cully Cobb who was a southern white conservative - priority to whites
Mary McLeod provided skills training for 500,000 young black Americans
Between 1936-40 WPA gave 350,000 black Americans work, education programme employed 5,000 black American teachers and taught 250,000 black Americans
CCC was headed by southern white conservative Robert Fechner who was equally discriminatory
By 1940 black Americans occupied 1/3 of its housing units
200,000 black Americans received placements in CCC between 1933-42
Ickes directly aided black Americans in the housing division - racial quotes for its contruction
CIO was created in 1935 and recruited black Americans who felt more empowered with union support
1934 - black American Robert Weaver was appointed as FDR's special adviser
Wagner Act offered trade union recognition
In Ohio, the federal government was the largest employer of black Americans - black unemployment went from 50% to 30%
There was partial success when the National Labor Board Relations required the Pullman railroad company to sit down with the all black Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
Despite the Great Migration - did not escape racial discrimination lived separately in the 'ghetto'
By the end of the New Deal nothing was done to end legal segregation in the Old South - influenced by southern whites who were important in congress for the democrats
Attempts to make lynching a federal offence in 1937 and 1940 came to nothing - remained second class citizens
Beginning of the New Deal there was still segregation in states in the south-east and treated like second class citizens
Impact of the New Deal on Native Americans
75 of the 245 native tribes including the largest tribe Navajos rejected the provisions of the Act
Collier ensured key alphabet agencies like the CCC and PWA offered relief from unemployment to Native Americans
Pine Ridge Reservation forbade the sale of alcohol after the prohibition was abandoned
Act made little difference to the position of Native Americans within the US economy
Able to write their own constitutions and have a legal system enforced by their own place
There were some administrative changes but virtually nothing to improve their economic plight
New tribes were organised into self-governing bodies with an elected tribal council
Did very little to lift many Native Americans out of poverty
John Collier was appointed as the Commissioner of Indian Native American culture - 1st attempt to preserve Native American culture
Wasn't until 1944 was the National Congress of American Indians created as forum to voice Native American concerns
Indian Reorganisation Act of 1934 replaced Dawes Severalty Act and offered radical change
By 1934 1/3 of the land given to Native Americans in 1887 was still in their hands
Became US citizens in 1924
Impact of the New Deal on Hispanic Americans
Much of the New Deal exluced them
S 7(a) of the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 excluded migrant workers
Faced racial discrimination at restaurants, cinemas and school
Happened in the Wagner Act of 1935 and Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
Hispanic Americans lived in poor, temporary accomodation - shanties
Without trade union support - pay and conditions worsened during New Deal years
Those who remained saw their wages slashed - southern california wages were cut from 35 cents per hour in 1928 to 14 cents per hour in 1933
New Deal made their lives worse - AAA stabilised prices through reducing production which meant fewer workers were required
200,000 decrease in workers between 1930-40 (400,000)
Migrant workers were deported went the depression struck
During the 1930s Hispanics were engaged in agriculture - most came from Mexico and were located in California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas and Colorado