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Secondary IV Chapter 1 Part 1 The Act of Union and the early days of the…

- - - - Solution to conflict between French and English
      - should led to the assimilation of the French Canadians
        
        Politically, it made French Canadian members a minority in a single legislative assembly
        
        Economically, 1) French Canadians would also be reimbursing Upper Canada's debts for the canals and the roads, 2) collection of custom duties at ports will now benefit both groups, and not only the French Canadians, and 3) there will be a growth in the domestic trade, which will favor both groups.
      - 1840: Act of Union: creation of the Province of Canada or United Canada
- - - - Having equal representation placed the French Canadians in minority, even though they were more numerous.
        
        Some members of Lower Canada were Anglophones, the legislative assembly was dominated by English members.
- - - - Alliance of Reformers (1841)
        
        The Reformers of Upper Canada proposed an alliance to the Reformers of Lower Canada. Together, they thought their demands would have more weight.
        
        Robert Baldwin
        
        Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine
        
        French Reformers promised to help with economic legislations. English Reformers promised to help with goal of protecting French language and culture.
        
        Defending French Canadians' interests
        
        Baldwin-Lafontaine Alliance helped re-establishing French as a language of use in the Legislative Assembly
        
        In 1849, several laws were passed
        
        Granting Amnesty to the Patriots
        
        Compensating victims of Rebellions
        
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- - - - London granted ministerial responsibility in 1848.
        
        The legislative assembly must approve the choice of members for the executive council. The executive council members are accountable before the assembly.
        
        The members of the Executive council have to receive the support of the majority of the members of the legislative assembly to pass a bill.
        
        Members of the Executive council have to resign if they lost the support of the Assembly.
        
        The Executive council recommended the members to form the Legislative council.
        
        Baldwin and Lafontaine (leaders of the Legislative Assembly) formed their first responsible government in the Province of Canada.
      - Limited powers
        
        The political system was not yet democratic
        
        The governor could still overturn a law & the United Kingdom continued to control the external affairs.
        
        The Province of Canada was not completely independent.
- - - - Recommended creation of reserves
        
        In 1851, 230 000 acres were divided into reserves. Only First Nations people could settle there. The government promoted the agricultural way of life.
        
        The goal was to sedentarize Indigenous people
        
        Less hunting, less fishing
        
        More territory to colonize
        
        More resources to exploit