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C3.01 The periodic table - classifying the elements - Coggle Diagram
C3.01 The periodic table - classifying the elements
In the periodic table
The vertical columns of elements with similar properties are called groups
The horizontal rows are called periods
The elements are arranged in order of increasing proton number or atomic number
Metals and non-metals
Metal
An element that conducts electricity and is malleable and ductile
Conductors
They are good conductors of electricity and heat
Malleable
Their shape can be changed by hammering
Melting and boiling points
Their melting and boiling points are usually high
Colour
They are grey (except gold and copper)
They can be polished
States
They are usually solids (except for mercury which is a liquid) at room temp.
They are usually hard and dense
Ductile
They can be pulled out into wires
Sonorous
They usually make a ringing sound when struck
Metalls in groups I to III, with low numbers of electrons in there outer shell, can lose their outer electrons relatively easily, contributing them to the sea of electrons that forms the metallic bond
Non-metal
An element that does not conduct electricity well and is neither malleable nor ductile
Melting and boiling points
Their melting and boiling points are often low
Conductors
They are poor conductors of electricity and tend to be insulators
They are poor thermal conductors
States
They are solids or gases (except for bromine which is a liquid) at room temp
Their densities are often low
Brittle
They are easily broken when solid
Colour
They often have a dull surface when solid
Elements with higher numbers of outer electrons (groups IV to VII) form covalent bonds between the atoms
Metalloids or semi-metals
An element have some of the properties of metals and non-metals
They are neither conductors nor insulators.
They make excellent semiconductors. For instance, this type of element is silicon
Groups and periods
Transition elements of transition metals
The elements present in between Groups II and III
Noble gases
The element in Group VIII are the least reactive elements
Main-group elements
The elements present in Groups I to VIII
Alkali metals
The elements in Group I are the most reactive elements
Halogens
The element present in Group VII
The outer electrons of an atom that are mainly responsible for the chemical properties of any element. Therefore, elements in the same group will have similar properties
The periods show us how many shells of electrons the atom has
Electron arrangements
For the main-group elements, teh number of the group is the number of electrons in the outer shell
The periods show us how many shells of electrons the atom has
Elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in their outer shell