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Memory - Coggle Diagram
Memory
MSM memory
Richard Atkin + Richard Shiffrin's multi store model describes how information flows through the memory system. Model suggests that it is made up of 3 stores linked by processing.
Sensory register
Stimulus from environment. 2 main stores are iconic memory (visual information is coded visually) and echoic memory (sound/auditory information coded acoustically). Material in sensory registers lasts only very briefly the duration is less than half a second. The sensory registers lasts only very briefly the duration is less than half a second. The sensory registers have a high capacity, for example over one hundred million cells in one eye, each storing data.
STM
limited capacity store because it can only contain a certain number of things before forgetting takes place. STM coded acoustically and lasts about 30 seconds unless it is rehearsed. Maintenance rehearsal occurs when we repeat (rehearse) material to ourselves over and over again. We can keep the information in our STMs as long as we rehearse it. If we can rehearse it long enough, it passes into LTM.
LTM
This is potentially permanent memory store for information that has been rehearsed for a prolonged time. Psychologists believe that its capacity is unlimited and can last many years. Although this material is stored in LTM when we want to recall it it has to be transferred back into STM by process called retrieval. According to the MSM this is true of all our memories. None of them are recalled directly from LTM.
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LTM
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Procedural
Memory for actions or skills or basically how we do things. We can recall these memories without conscious awareness or a great deal of effort.
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EWT
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Cognitive Interview
Reverse the order
Makes it harder to lie and report expectations of how events must have happened rather than the actual events.
Change perspective
recall incident from other people perspective eg how it may have looked for other witnesses or the perpetrator.
Reinstate context
return to original crime scene in their mind and imagine the environment, context dependent forgetting.
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Report everything
witnesses encouraged to recall every detail of event may help because they may trigger more important memories.
Forgetting
Retrieval failure=insufficient cues. Associated cues are stored at the same time as the memory. If these cues are not available at the time of recall it is known as retrieval failure.
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Interference=occurs when 2 pieces of information conflict with each other, resulting in forgetting one or both or distortion in some memory.
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Proactive interference (PI) occurs when an older memory interferes with a newer one (pro in this context means working forward).