Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chapter 15: Introduction to Stem cells - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 15: Introduction to Stem cells
Stem cells
Forms all the cells in the body
Master cells
[ With 2 important characteristics]
Unspecialized cells capable of their own renewal
Ability to differentiate into different cell types
Differentiation potentials
Totipotent
Develop into 3 primary germ cell layers of the early embryo & into extra-embryonic tissues
[ such as placenta ]
Pluripotent
Become many types of cells in the body
Multipotent
Become only a few types of cells
Unipotent
Differentiate into only one specific cell type & form a single lineage
[ such as muscle stem cells ]
Scopes
Pharmaceuticals
[ Diabetes, cardiac anomalies, and infertility ]
Neutraceuticals
[ Produce heterologous nutrients ]
Understanding early embryonic development
Model for in-vitro drug & immunity screening
Produce environment friendly animals
Tissue remodeling & engineering
Cell-cell communication & differentiation
Conservation
Germ stem cells challenge the age-old dogma of female born with a fixed number of oocytes
Major application
Animal model testing for pharmaceutical research
Use of stem cells in transplantation & cell replacement therapy
Conservation of endangered species
Understanding fundamental events in embryonic development
Therapeutic delivery system
To resolve mysteries of developmental biology
To investigate genes involved in differentiation & development
Cell banking for research applications
Identification of stem cells
Cell morphology
Expression of unique cell surface antigens
Characterization of biochemical markers
[ such as tissue specific enzymatic activity ]
Expression of genes that are unique to a particular cell type
Nuclear chromosomal karyotype to access genetic stability
Tissues containing adult stem cells
Bone marrow
Skeletal muscle
Epithelia of skin and digestive system
Cornea retina
Peripheral blood
Spinal cord
Blood vessels
Testes
Liver
Pancreas
Kidney
Heart
Tissue stem cells
Adult stem cells
Characteristics
Long-term self-renewal
Give rise to mature cells having characteristic morphologies & specialized functions
Rare
Dispersed in tissues throughout the body
Includes stem cells isolated from fetal & cord blood
Used to treat patients
[ haematological malignancies :arrow_forward: diseases of immune system ]
Embryonic stem cells
Derived
from donated IVF embryos
Able to specialize in many different tissue types
[
Pluripotent
]
Can
restore function in animal models
following transplantation
Induced pluripotent stem cells
Pluripotent
Can
create stem cells directly from a patient for research