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Aziz_Sarah_Mao - Coggle Diagram
Aziz_Sarah_Mao
Consolidation and maintenance of power
Use of legal methods:
Military commander and the political commissioner were both positions held by officers of the people's liberation army
Citizens were re-educated to conform to the party
Anti-movements were put in place
Party officials made sure that only CCP won the election
Use of Force:
Decided to invade foreign lands that supposedly belonged to China
The Great Terror: households were labeled depending on how loyal they were to the party. This led to neighbors turning on one another
Charismatic leadership:
The "Little Red Book" compiled all of Mao's teaching and ideals some of which were even written into the constitution as 'Mao Zedong Thought'.
Dissemination of propaganda
:
The long march was used as propaganda as a tale of overcoming the odds
The Red Book
Children supporting Mao and taking oaths.
Nature, extent, and treatment of opposition:
The Hundred Flowers Campaign (1957) and the Anti-Rightist movement
PLA invasion of Tibet (1950): Millions faced starvation, suppressed and arrested
Cultural revolution
The impact of the success and/or failure of foreign policy on the maintenance of power:
The relations between China and the Soviet Union had flourished at the start, however, there were ideological differences. The Sino-Soviet Treaty was signed in 1950, didn't work. After Khrushchev's destalinization speech (1956), the relationship between China and the Soviets fell.
China and the USA were not on good terms as Mao believed that America had the intent of exploiting and using China to their own benefit. However, in 1971 Mao invited President Nixon to China. USA's purpose was to create a powerful relationship that would undermine the Soviet Union and to allow the PRC to replace Taiwan as a member of the UN Security Council.
Aims and results of policies
Aims and impact of domestic economic, political, cultural, and social policies
:
Economic: Mao implemented the Land Reform, which was the destruction of the landlord class. Five Year Plan (1952-1957) the idea of heavy industrial increased such as the making of steel. Agriculture was neglected and industry was the main focus.
Political: Three Anti Campaign (1951): Mao to eliminate corruption, betrayal in the party itself. The Hundred Flowers Campaign (1957): Mao allowed everyone to criticize him, didn't go as planned and a purge followed with about 50,000 people going into labor camps and being punished.
Cultural and Social: The Great Leap Forward (1958-61)- wanted to develop agriculture and industry simultaneously. 1958- a famine resulted in killing 20 million. Everyone worshiped Mao and they followed his Little Red Book. Everything western was banned and the Chinese were in charge of their own revolution.
The impact of policies on women and minorities
:
Mao promised them some sort of freedom at first, however, once he got the power he didn't care. The policy which most negatively affected the minorities was the cultural revolution during the 1960s which had damaged cultures in China about 6,000 of them.
Women were impacted by the Marriage Reform Law (1950). This expanded the rights of women impacting them in a good way, they could have land and be in control. Mao wanted women to contribute to a better society.
Authoritarian control and the extent to which it was achieved:
In China, there was authoritarian control to a good extent when Mao took over. During Mao's reign, Mao had strengthened as a leader and implemented new rules which affected everyone negatively or positively. He was in charge of the revolution and also the party, he started the Anti-Campaign movements and threatened his opposition. Mao was controlling everything within the political system and followed his beliefs and created Maoism.
Emergence of authoritarian states
Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged Economic
:
Only 10% of china's land was arable
70% of the land was owned by %10 of the population
Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged Social Division:
- The May Fourth movement - People were starting to get mad at how much influence westerners were having on Chinese culture - Landlords constituted only 10% of the rural population
Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged Impact of War:
After WWI, China had hoped to receive the province of Shandong, however, it was given to Japan and a large amount of rioting occurred.
Citizens had to pay high taxes and their land was looted and pillaged by invading armies
The Warlord Era 1926-1927
Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: weakness of political system
The political system gave peasants who were born into poverty, no chance of a better life. When Mao presented his ideas, it gave them hope of a better future.
Law enforcement was limited, especially anything toward landlords, or warlords
Methods used to establish authoritarian states Persuasion & Coercion:
Mao focused on the peasant class in order to gain followers
He promised land redistribution to peasants
Rectification campaigns of 1942
The success of Long March
**Methods used to establish authoritarian states The Role of Leaders:
Mao was very persistent and Mao was better at making promises
The Nationalists had problems maintaining trust within the party.
During his reign, Mao would easily kill people who he suspected to be against his ideals, even his most loyal followers.
Methods used to establish authoritarian states Ideology:
Mao's ideology focused more on the peasants as opposed to the working class
Mao's ideology established at Yanan helped to provide guidelines and demonstrated that the CCP believed in helping the working class
Methods used to establish authoritarian states Use of Force:
Mao killed around 4000 red army troops because he believed that they were plotting against him
Some political purges occurred in which anyone who seemed like a threat to Mao was eliminated
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