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Endocrıne System - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Glucagon
        
        Increase
        
        blood glucose level
        
        Works antagonistacally with insulin
        
        absorption
        
        glucose in the ileum
        
        conservation of
        
        glycogen to glucose
        
        passage of glucose from cells into blood
        
        fat breakdown
    - - İnsulin
        
        Decrease
        
        blood glucose level
        
        Works antagonistacally with glucagon
        
        Increase
        
        glucose metabolism in cells
        
        Stimulate conversion
        
        glucose to glycogen
  - - - no insulin secretion.Insulin receptors on target cells cannot be stimulated.
    - - enough insulin secretion but insulin receptors on target cells cannot bind to insulin
- - - - water reabsorption from collecting ducts in kidneys
        
        resulting less water in urine.
      - Balance osmotic pressure of blood
      - controlled by
        
        a negative feedback mechanism
    - - only at female
      - induces
        
        uterine contractions
        
        the release of milk.
  - - - GH- STH
        
        made up
        
        of 200 amino acids
        
        promotes
        
        growth
        
        growth
        
        muscles, bones and
        cartilage
        
        diseases
        
        in childhood
        
        gigantism
        
        excess of GH
        
        dwarfism
        
        lack of GH
        
        in adulthood
        
        acromegaly
        
        abnormal growth of hends feet and head
      - LTH-prolactin
        
        production of
        
        milk
        
        growth of
        
        mammary
      - MSH
        
        influences
        
        skin pigmentation
    - - releasing RF
      - inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus
    - - ACTH
        
        controls
        
        secretion of steroid hormones from cortex region of adrenal glands.
      - TSH
        
        controls .
        
        secretion of hormones from thyroid gland
        
        excess
        
        thyroid gland enlargement
      - FSH and LH
        
        in male
        
        stimulate
        
        testosterone hormone production in testes
        
        in female
        
        stimulate
        
        corpus luteum formation
        
        hormone production during menstrual cycle
        
        ovulation
        
        follicle growth
        
        both are gonadotropins
- - - - development and maturation
    - - oxygen consumption
      - energy production
      - protein synthesis during growth and develeopment
      - blood pressure
      - heart beat rate
      - metabolic rate
    - - Hypothyroidism
        
        low secretion of thyroid hormones,
      - Goiter
        
        thyroid gland becomes enlarged
      - Cretinism
        
        thyroxine deficiency during childhood
      - Hyperthyroidism,
        
        excessive secretion of thyroid hormones,
        
        toxic goiter
  - - - the Ca2+ level of blood
      - reabsorbtion of Ca2+ in
        kidneys
- - - - excess
        
        Bones become weak and brittle.
        
        kidney stone
      - deficiensy
        
        Tetany
- - - - norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
        
        catecholamines
      - epinephrine (adrenaline)
    - - stress-activated impulses
    - - blood presure
      - breathing rate
      - metabolic rate
      - blood glucose
  - - - hormones secretion
    - - stress
    - - Mineralocorticoids
        
        aldesteron
        
        affect
        
        salt and
        water balance in blood
        
        Low levels of aldosterone results
        
        Addison
      - Androgens.
        
        produces small amounts
        
        steroid sex hormones
        
        progesteron
        .
        
        testosterone
        
        estrogen,
      - Glucocorticoids,
        
        Cortisol
        
        influence
        
        glucose metabolism and
        
        the immune system
        
        excees
        
        Cushing Syndrome
        
        Cortisone
        
        suppresses the immune system
        
        reducing inflammation
        
        using long term
        
        may trigger infections
- - - - involved in
        
        preparing and maintaining the uterus.
    - - released from
        
        follicle
      - responsible for
        
        female reproductive system.
      - necessary for
        
        oocyte (egg)
        development
    - - FSH and LH
  - - - located in
        
        scrotum
      - function as
        
        gonads
      - produce
        
        androgens.
      - stimulates development of
        
        male reproductive system
        
        male secondary sex characteristics
- - - - well-being
      - happiness
    - - slowest or absent during sleep
      - highest during states of alert wakefulness
- - - - Blood sugar regulation
  - - - contractions in child birth and the ripening of fruit
    - - occur more quickly