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US history (Part I), Puritans thought that the Church of England was too…

- - - - Joint stock companies allowed people to buy shares, making ventures less risky
        
        Thus, companies such as the East India Company and the Virginia Company were created
      - The enclosure process expelled the poor from the fields and made them go to the cities, causing a surplus of population and an increase in crime
      - As England becomes Protestant, they start competing against Catholic Spain, both for wealth and devotes
    - - They were also dealing with economical problems due to the collapse of the wool market
      - The English saw hiring privateers to sack Spanish ships as a cheaper alternative to colonizing the Americas
      - England was occupied dealing with issues between Catholics and Protestant, and trying to colonize Ireland
  - - - In the 1570’s Humphrey Gilbert (believing he could reach the Indies through the NorthWest passage) got permission from Queen Elizabeth I to establish a colony in North America.
        
        But he dies before trying, and his brother Sir Walter Ralegh takes the contract, but is prohibited to go by Queen Elizabeth, his lover. The settlers then go without him and found Roanoke in 1585, but by 1590 the colony had disappeared
    - - In 1607, the Virginia Company, searching for gold went to Virginia, with the grace of James I, but founded the colony of Jamestown when they couldn’t find gold
        
        Since colonization wasn’t the initial goal, the colony struggled with logistics and famine between 1609 and 1610, and led by John Smith and the Baron De La Warr, sacked the Powhatans and kidnaped Pocahontas
      - Bacon's Rebellion (1676)
        
        John Rolfe, who married Pocahontas, discovered that Jamestown was good for planting tobacco, and for this in 1619 The White Lion brought the first slaves to America
        
        However, the slaves were not used to the environment, so the English switched to indentured servants, Englishmen that agreed to work in Virginia for a few yeas in exchange for the travel being paid for them and some land after the end of service
        
        In 1619, the Virginia Company created the House of Burgesses to serve as a parliament, but when governor William Berkeley refuses to begin a war against the natives, the lower classes, wanting more land, attack the natives, with the leadership of Nathaniel Bacon
        
        Later they set fire to the House, but when Bacon died of disease the revolt ended and England decided that slaves would be a less agressive work force
  - - - New England had a more suitable weather for the settlers, but the terrain only allowed family farming, fishing and trade, creating a maritime economy.
        
        Since most pilgrims were middle-class families, they didn’t have to rely on servants, creating a more egalitarian society than Virginia, such as the one proposed by the Mayflower compact.
        
        Another important colony was Plymouth, Massachusetts, where pilgrims landed to escape religious persecution in 1620.
    - - In 1630, Puritan arrivals created the colony of Massachusetts Bay, and thousands more arrived during the decade in what is called The great migration. Their goal was to create a city upon a hill that would inspire the Church to change.
        
        The puritans prohibited Christmas, persecuted "witches" (most notoriously in Salem) and banned anyone who disagreed with their methods. One of these outcasts was Roger Williams, who in 1636 created the colony of Rhode Island.
      - The tensions between Puritans and natives caused the King Philip’s War (1675 to 1676) to stop Puritan expansion and it almost removed the English from New England. As a result racism became the norm among the English.
  - - - The environment in the middle colonies was great for farming, although not as good as the South.
      - The colony of Pennsylvanie, founded by William Penn, had such religious freedom that it was the largest city in North America before the Industrial Revolution.
- - - - The Great Awakening (18th century) was a religious revival that impacted the English colonies in America. The movement came at a time when the idea of secular rationalism was being emphasized, and passion for religion had grown stale, but it also questioned the traditional British beliefs and helped form a national identity.
    - - Pontiac’s uprising (1763-1766) resulted in the Royal Proclamation of 1763, limiting white settler expansion. As a result, this both angered the white settlers and showed them the strength of a united force against the British.
  - - - However, the classes most affected by the Act, such as newspaper printers, were among the most politically active, resulting in protests and a petition signed by Benjamin Franklin ending the act in 1766.
    - - Boston, Massachusetts was the center of revolutionary activity and British troops arrived in 1768, making things worse and resulting in the Boston Massacre (1770).
    - - As a result, the colonists made the First Continental Congress in 1774 to form a united opposition to the British and issued the Declaration of Colonial Rights and Grievances against British taxation and troop stationing.