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Secondary III Chapter 1 Part 2 Social relationships, Qualities of Chiefs -…
Secondary III Chapter 1 Part 2 Social relationships
Inuit
Social structure
Simple and adapted to activities & seasonal migrations
Nuclear family
Camps
Winter
100 people
Food reserves
Summer
10-20 people
Easier to hunt & fish
Patrilinear structure
Decision making
Had to be quick
Great distance
Hostile conditions
Decision made collectively
Based on consensus
Influenced by people with experience, hunting skills and leadership skills
Common good of the group is the most important
Flexible, involved the entire group
Algonquians
North of Great Lakes
Social structure
Algonquians had a patrilinear social structure
Simple & flexible
Nuclear family
Wigwams
Hunting group
Winter
10-20 people
Band
Summer
100-200
Abundant resources
Nation
All of the bands that had a common language and culture formed a nation.
Decision making
Daily decisions
Chief
More complex decisions
Council
Iroquoians
Elaborate social organization
Nuclear family
Extended family (longhouse)
Clan (several longhouses)
Village (several clans in one village)
Nation (several villages with same language and culture)
Confederacy (nations joined together for their security)
Decision making
Complex, several levels, various councils
Clan's chiefs appointed by female elders
Village council was formed of elders & clan's chiefs and their assistants
Other councils existed
Women
Warriors
Nation's council = all chiefs of all clans
Confederacy = all council chiefs of each nation
Oral tradition
No writing
Culture transmitted orally
Elders taught and told stories
Elders had a great influence
Spirituality
Indigenous people believed it was possible to communicate with spirits
Rituals
Rituals were part of the daily activities ex: hunting & fishing
Rituals were included in important occasions like births and deaths
Rituals included music, singing, dancing & offerings
Shaman, Healer, Spiritual guide
Dreams interpretation, visions, predicting the future, chasing away evil spirits.
Sharing of goods
Territory wasn't considered individual property. It was a collective good.
They defended their territory from other nations
The concept of profit or wealth wasn't part of the Indigenous culture
They thought it was their duty to share the resources so everyone had what they needed
Gifts & counter-gifts
To give, to receive and to give back
Giving a gift and accepting gifts had important meanings
Sign of respect, to maintain an alliance, to encourage friendship, to accept a proposal
Qualities of Chiefs
Eloquence
Courage
Bravery
Generosity
Hunting skills
Ability to convince
